42 THE INVOL UNTAR Y NER VO US S YSTEM 



both circular and longitudinal. This musculature is clearly derived 

 from two sources, (i) the musculature surrounding the Wolffian 

 and Mullerian ducts, i.e. the muscles of the ureters, uterus, and 

 vas deferens ; (2) the musculature of the cloaca, i.e. bladder, 

 rectum, and large intestine. 



The prostate gland, which is composed of tubular glands de- 

 veloped round the uro-genital sinus, is largely surrounded with 

 muscle which belongs partly to that surrounding the terminal 

 parts of the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts (cp. Keith, loc. cit. p. 126, 

 Fig. 101), and partly to the cloacal musculature. 



Eckhard pointed out that stimulation of the nervus erigens 

 caused a secretion of the prostate gland, which was not in his 

 opinion a true secretion, but was caused by the contraction of 

 muscles round the gland. This has been confirmed by Mislaw- 

 sky and Borman who have shown that the nerve, which causes 

 secretion of the prostate, is the hypogastric and not the pelvic 

 and that, if the secretory nerves are paralyzed by atropin, there is 

 still a temporary secretion on stimulation of the hypogastric, due 

 to muscular action. Barrington confirms absolutely the results of 

 Mislawsky and Borman, and points out that the mucin secretion 

 of Cowper's glands and Bertholini's glands is also controlled by 

 the hypogastric nerves ; and that, as this effect of stimulation of 

 the hypogastrics is abolished by the section and subsequent de- 

 generation of the inferior splanchnics, it follows that the secretory 

 nerve cells are not situated in the inferior mesenteric ganglia but 

 peripherally at the glands themselves (Fig. 8). Therefore the fibres 

 in the hypogastric nerves are not secretory fibres but connector 

 fibres, which do not reach their secretory nerve cells until they 

 arrive at the glands themselves. The same argument applies to 

 the temporary secretion which is caused by contraction of 

 muscles when the hypogastric nerve is stimulated. I conclude 

 that the musculature around the prostate gland is partly cloacal 

 and partly derived from the musculature of the uterus mascu- 

 linus and of the ejaculatory duct. 



The musculature of all these organs consists of two sets, 

 longitudinal and circular ; and v. Basch and Fellner, with other 

 workers at Vienna, considered that the law of innervation 

 throughout was a reciprocal innervation of these two sets of 

 muscles by the pelvic nerve and the lumbar splanchnic respec- 

 tively, the one being motor to the longitudinal muscles and in- 



