VIII.] 



CONCENTRATION CURRENTS 



139 



or sole efficient cause of the effects. If you refer to the detailed 

 accounts given by Engelmann,* and by Biedermann,f you will 



Concentrate 

 A 



t 



DiUube 

 B 



Zn 



.'.Current 



Cl> ' 



..'.Current 



- 69 



.-66 



OH" 



..'.Current 



A/ci + 

 CL ~ 



..'.Current 



K + 



CH^.CO.O. 

 .'.Current > 



FlG. 55. To illustrate concentration currents. The thin arrows indicate direction 

 of ions from concentrated to dilute side of an electrolyte. The thick arrow in each 

 case indicates the resultant current from dilute to concentrated where the anionic 

 is higher than the kationic velocity ; from concentrated to dilute where the kationic 

 is higher than the anionic velocity. (The relative ionic velocities are indicated by 

 the numbers at the arrow-heads.) 



N.B. With the kation travelling from left to right, there is current from 

 left to right, and vice versa. 



With the anion travelling from left to right, there is current from right to 

 left, and vice versa. 



find that a large ingoing effect was generally produced by water 

 or weak saline, a large outgoing effect by strong saline. The 



* Engelmann, P. A., vi., p. 1 10. 



t Biedermann, ElektropJiysiologic, p. 401. 



