THE CONQUEST OF DISEASE 



Interpreta- 

 tion of pain. 



Facies 

 pathetica. 



must know what impression it makes on the 

 consciousness or intellect of the animal. 



In the case of man, pain-appreciation is not 

 born with us, except in a very low degree. A 

 new-born infant can be operated on without 

 an anesthetic and show no pain. In fact there 

 are certain operations habitually performed 

 upon male infants which meet with less mani- 

 festation of pain than does an empty stomach. 

 The human mind is so constituted that, a noisy 

 demonstration, provoked by circumstances 

 which in a highly developed man would cause 

 pain, is interpreted as an evidence of pain. 

 This human fault unhappily causes the rocking 

 and jouncing of many infants which would be 

 better left alone. The good-hearted mother 

 knows that if she were making such a terrible, 

 screaming demonstration as her infant, it could 

 only have most excruciating suffering as a 

 basis. Were the screaming of cats which as- 

 sails our ears from the back yard at night to 

 emanate from the physiologic laboratory in- 

 stead of from the garden, visions of horrible 

 tortures would rack the ignorant mind. 



Certain animals, notably the dog, cat, sheep, 

 cow, and horse, have an expression about the 

 eyes which is often strikingly similar to the 



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