EXPEKIMENTATION AND PHYSIOLOGY 



animals. The first transfusion in man was 

 done by Jean Denis in Paris ( 1667) . He used 

 the blood of a lamb. 



From these beginnings, transfusion and in- 

 fusion have been studied until the subject is 

 now upon a practical basis, and in every large 

 hospital in the world lives are being saved 

 which otherwise would be sacrificed to hemor- 

 rhage. The innumerable accidents and dis- 

 eases which cause loss of blood have had one 

 of their greatest dangers met. Artificial blood, 

 a sterilized solution of the normal mineral 

 ingredients of the blood serum, is always on 

 hand in every hospital; and this is readily in- 

 troduced into a vein in the arm to take the 

 place of lost blood. 



Blood pressure, particularly in relation to 

 shock, injuries, and surgical operations, has 

 been studied by Crile, who has supplied infor- 

 mation which is being applied in operating 

 rooms in all parts of the world to the end that 

 shock is minimized and lives saved. One of 

 the most important gifts to humanity from 

 the hands of this man is the operation of the 

 direct transfusion of blood from one person 

 to another without exposing the blood to the 

 air or without permitting it to come into con- 



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