THE CONQUEST OF DISEASE 



Other 

 operations. 



Tetanus. 



of its periosteum, new bone forms, and a useful 

 limb is secured, whereas formerly thousands of 

 limbs were amputated or left useless by these 

 conditions. 



Orthopedic surgery owes much advancement 

 to such experiments. Hunter first performed 

 tenotomy upon an ass. Skin grafting and the 

 transplanting of skin was practised on animals. 



The newer anesthetics have all had their char- 

 acter determined upon animals before man was 

 subjected to the hazard of their employment. 

 The surgery of the kidney has been especially 

 advanced by this branch of work. Billroth had 

 a patient with a cancer of the larynx. The re- 

 moval of the larynx was the only means of 

 saving the man's life. The operation had never 

 been done. Czerny, his assistant, removed the 

 larynx of dogs, and found how it could best be 

 performed. Then they proceeded with the 

 patient, and saved his life. 



Before the Royal Commission on Vivisec- 

 tion, Sir H. R. Swenzy demonstrated conclu- 

 sively the great advancement in the treatment 

 of diseases of the eye that has been made by 

 experiments upon animals. 



One of the most frightful surgical diseases 

 with which we have to contend is lockjaw. It 



126 



