PRACTICE OF MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 



may be said: 'They stood between the living 

 and the dead, and the plague was stayed." 



The vaccine against plague has been made 

 by Haffkine of a standardized suspension of 

 dead plague bacilli, the use of which increases 

 the resistance to infection. We are to be saved 

 from this disease through the knowledge that 

 has been secured by animal experimentation. 

 To gain this knowledge has cost much labor. 

 The lives of a number of scientific investigators 

 have been sacrificed. These men go down to 

 their graves, martyrs to humanity, but the in- 

 formation which they have wrung from nature 

 is good for all time ; and that is their best mon- 

 ument. 



Studies of cholera have advanced our knowl- 

 edge of this disease to the point where it can be 

 intelligently met and combated. Its cause is 

 the spirillum of Koch. Until modern quaran- 

 tine regulations were adopted it was a world- 

 wide scourge. An antitoxic serum has been 

 perfected by experimenting upon animals and 

 is now being employed in India with good 

 results. 



Diphtheria is one of the oldest diseases rec- 

 ognized in human history. Its cause, the 

 Klebs-Loeffler bacillus, was discovered in 1884 



75 



Cholera. 



Diphtheria, 



