156 



THE WORK OF THE DIGESTIVE GLANDS. 



Dr. G. G. Bruno and Dr. N. N. Kladnizki.} In the fasting animal not a 

 drop of bile entered the intestine. But when the dog had eaten, the 

 flow began at a certain definite time afterwards. This time is different 

 for the different kinds of food. The fluid continued to flow as 



FlG. 18. Showing the different stages in transplanting the 

 orifice of the bile duct outwards. In (c) a flap of skin 

 is represented in situ over the bowel. 



long as the digestion lasted, but with definite fluctuations in quantity 

 and quality, dependent upon the nature of the food. One cannot 

 resist the idea that the bile has quite as important a part to play in 

 the chemical elaboration of the food as any of the other digestive 

 juices. Hence we proceeded further in our investigations, and gave the 

 ingredients of the food separately to the dog to eat, or brought them 

 directly into the stomach. It resulted that neither water, acids, raw 

 egg-albumen nor boiled starch paste, whether in solid pieces or as a thin 

 fluid, caused a flow of bile. Fat, on the other hand, as well as the 



