PACES OF THE HORSE. 177 



an indefinite number of perpendicular lines, it follows that the 

 artist may choose in the duration of any pace, in any kind of 

 locomotion, an indefinite number of different attitudes. Sup- 

 pose him to have made his choice, and that he wishes to 

 represent in the kind of pace (fig-. 68), the instant which is 

 marked by the vertical Hue 7, the notatiou will show him that 

 the right foro-foot has just been placed upon the ground, that 

 the left fore-loot is therefore beginning to rise, that the right 

 hind-foot is almost at the end of its pressure on the ground, 

 jind that the left hind -foot is near the end of its rise. All 

 that is necessary, in order to represent the animal exactly, is 

 to know the attitude of each limb at the different instants of 

 its rise, fall, or pressure, which is a comparatively easy matter. 

 But the artist, guided by this method, will thus inevitably 

 avoid altogether those false attitudes which often cause repre- 

 sentations of horses to be so utterly unnatural. 



FIGURES ARRANGED TO SHOW THE PACES OF THE HORSE. 



Mons. Mathias Duval has undertaken to make, in order to 

 illustrate the locomotion of the horse, a series of pictures, 

 which, seen by means of the zootrope, represent the animal 

 as if in motion in the various kinds of paces. This ingenious 

 physiologist formed the idea of reproducing in an animated 

 form, as it were, that which notation has done for the rhythm 

 of the movements. The following is the arrangement which 

 he employed, lie first, drew a series of figures of the horse 

 taken at different instants of an ambling pace. Sixteen suc- 

 cessive figures enabled him to represent the series of positions 

 which each limb successively assumes in a pace belonging to 

 this kind of locomotion. This baud of paper, when placed 

 in the instrument, gives to the eye the appearance of a.n 

 ambling horse in actual motion. 



We have said that all the walking paces may be considered 

 as derived from the amble, with a more or less anticipation of 

 the action of the hind limbs. Mons. Duval has realised this 

 in his pictures in the following manner. Each plate, on 

 which lias been drawn the series of pictures of the ambling 

 horse, is formed of two sheets of paper placed the one on the 

 other. The upper one has in it a number of slits or openings, 

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