Vol. XXIII. January, 1913. No. 2 



BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 



STUDIES IN THE PRODUCTION OF GRAFTED 



EMBRYOS. 



A. J. GOLDFARB. 



(From the Biological Laboratories, College of the City of New York.) 



Introduction 73 



Methods Used to Agglutinate Eggs 74 



Examination of the Effect of Treatment upon Development 75 



The Early Development of Agglutinated Eggs 82 



The Development of Agglutinated and Fused Gastrulee 88 



The Development of Agglutinated and Fused Plutei 93 



The Development of Individual Clusters 97 



Summary 98 



Bibliography roo 



INTRODUCTION. 



It is now generally known that the blastomeres of certain kinds 

 of eggs may, after their complete separation, develop into small 

 though otherwise perfect, larvae. The reverse experiment of 

 reuniting partially separated or even completely separated 

 blastomeres has also been successfully performed. These 

 experiments demonstrated that it is not only possible to derive 

 two embryos from a single egg, but that two or more blastomeres 

 may be more or less recombined into one organism. These 

 results suggested the possibility of grafting not only the blasto- 

 meres, but the eggs themselves. Metchnikoff ('86), Morgan 

 ('95), Zur Strassen ('98), Herbst ('oo), discovered and described 

 embryos and larvae which indicated a grafting of several eggs. 



The first successful attempt to graft eggs together was made 

 by Driesch in 1896 with the eggs of various European echino- 

 derms. In the course of several years' experimentation, he 

 perfected the method by which he produced agglutinated and 

 fused eggs, about twenty to the thousand. More recently, 



73 



