278 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN 



of memory in each case was found to be preserved and 

 unimpaired : in one case the image of the pail, out of 

 which the dog was accustomed to drink, remained ; in 

 the other, that of the motion of the hand, which be- 

 fore the operation had been the signal for the dog to 

 give its paw." It was this statement of Munk that 

 led me as a student to make experiments on the 

 brain. I hoped that a road to an exact psychology 

 had been opened. I began my experiments as a con- 

 firmed supporter of Munk. The more experiments 

 I made the more it became apparent that many of 

 Munk's statements were incorrect, especially his mea- 

 gre statements concerning the supposed localisation 

 of single images of memory. It is my opinion that 

 these histological or corpuscular hypotheses of the 

 images of memory must be supplanted by dynamical 

 conceptions. The dynamics of the process of associ- 

 ation is the true problem of brain-physiology. Even if 

 the hypotheses of psychic localisation were not contra- 

 dicted by all the facts, the pointing out of the centres 

 would not be a solution of the dynamical problem. 

 By merely showing a student the location of a power- 

 plant, we do not explain to him the dynamics of 

 electric motors. 



I have mentioned above the possibility that pro- 

 cesses of association will become abnormal if certain 

 elemental constituents are mutilated or impossible. 

 I selected as an example our ability to recognise 

 a vowel. If the vowel is sung at a pitch which 

 excludes its specific formative sound, it becomes 



