DISTURBANCES OF MEMORY 281 



associations were still possible, or occurred in a more 

 normal form, while other innervations became impos- 

 sible or were mutilated. In this case it would be just 

 as erroneous to assume that the single conceptions or 

 letters are all localised in single cells, and that the 

 corresponding cells in the patient had perished, as it 

 would be erroneous to conclude in a case of interfer- 

 ence of sounds that the source of vibration was 

 removed. 1 



2. The second case mentioned is still clearer (2). 

 The disturbance of associative memory was also 

 caused by an accident. When the patient was asked 

 the colour of the leaves of a tree, he was unable to 

 answer the question unless he was allowed to go to 

 the window and look at a tree. In this case he an- 

 swered correctly. As long as he could not see a tree 

 it was impossible for him to tell the colour of a leaf. 

 Pieces of green, red, and blue paper were put before 

 him, and he was asked which the leaves looked like, 

 but he was unable to tell. If asked whether the trees 

 were blue, he answered that this was possible. Only 

 when looking at a tree was he able to remember that 

 the leaves were green. When asked how many legs 

 a horse has, he went to the window and waited until a 

 horse passed by. This enabled him to find the word 

 four. Only in winter was he able to tell the colour of 

 snow. In summer he admitted the possibility that 



1 Conditions similar to those that existed in this patient can be artificially 

 produced by the dynamometer-experiments which will be described in the next 

 chapter. 



