DISTURBANCES OF MEMORY 287 



greater capacity of the human brain for associations 

 and the greater celerity with which these associations 

 are formed and retained are sufficient to explain why 

 mankind has been able to control nature, while animals 

 remain at its mercy. 



In a pamphlet on Instinct and Intelligence, Father 

 E. Wasmann, S.J., a well-known entomologist, has 

 raised the question as to whether or not animals pos- 

 sess intelligence (5). The answer to such questions 

 varies with the definition of the word intelligence, and 

 hence such discussions result in a discussion of words 

 and definitions. Such scholastic discussions are very 

 serviceable for the defence of a dogma or an opinion. 

 Wasmann's pamphlet belongs in this category. But 

 we cannot overlook the fact that the steady progress 

 of science dates from the day when Galileo freed sci- 

 ence from the yoke of this sterile scholastic method. 

 The aim of modern biology is no longer word-discus- 

 sions, but the control of life-phenomena. Accordingly 

 we do not raise and discuss the question as to whether 

 or not animals possess intelligence, but we consider it 

 our aim to work out the dynamics of the processes of 

 association, and find out the physical or chemical con- 

 ditions which determine the variation in the capacity 

 of memory in the various organisms. 





 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



i. RIEGER, K. Beschreibung einer Intelligenzstorung in Folge 

 einer Hirnverletzung, etc. Verhandl. der Wurzburger physikalisch 

 medicinischen Gesellschaft, Bd. xxii. and xxiii., 1889 and 1890. 



