Introduction, 



The Scope of Physiology and its Eelations to other 

 Branches of Natural Science, 



PHYSIOLOGY is the science of the vital phenomena of organisms, or 

 broadly, it is the Doctrine of Life. Correspondingly to the divisions 

 of organisms, we distinguish (1) Animal Physiology; (2) Vegetable 

 Physiology ; and (3) the Physiology of the Lowest Living Organisms, which 

 stand on the border line of animals and plants ie., the so-called 

 Protistce of Hseckel, micro-organisms, and those elementary organisms 

 or cells which exist on the same level. 



The object of Physiology is to establish these phenomena, to deter- 

 mine their regularity and causes, and to refer them to the general 

 fundamental laws of Natural Science, viz., the Laws of Physics and of 

 Chemistry. 



The following Scheme shows the relation of Physiology to the 

 allied branches of Natural Science : 



Biology. 



The science of organised beings or organisms (animals, plants, 

 protistae, and elementary organisms). 



I. Morphology. 



The doctrine of the form of 



organisms. 



General 

 Morphology. 



The doctrine of the 

 formed elemen- 

 tary constituents 

 of organisms. 



(Histology) 



(a) Histology of 



Plants, 

 (6) Histology of 



Animals. 



Special 

 Morphology. 

 The doctrine of 

 the parts and 

 organs of organ- 

 isms. 



(Organology 

 Anatomy) 

 (a) Phytotomy, 

 (6) Zootomy. 



II. Physiology- 



The doctrine of the vital pheno- 

 mena of organisms. 



General 

 Physiology. 



The doctrine of 

 vital phenomena 

 in general 

 (a) Of Plants, 

 (6) Of Animals. 



Special 

 Physiology. 



The doctrine of 

 the activities of 

 the individual 

 organs 

 (a) Of Plants, 

 (6) Of Animals. 



