PYLORIC GLANDS OF THE STOMACH. 



323 



where the mucous membrane is more yellowish-white in colour 



(Fig. 135, A). These glands are generally branched at their lower 



ends, so that several tubes open into a single duct [which, in contra- 



distinction to the duct of the other glands, is wide and long, extending 



often to half the depth of 



the mucous membrane. 



The duct is lined by epi- 



thelium like that lining 



the stomach, while the 



secretory part is lined by 



a single layer of short, 



finely granular, columnar 



cells, whose secretion is 



quite different from that 



of the cells lining the duct. 



The lumen is well-defined. 



Nussbaum has occasionally 



found other cells, which 



stain deeply with osmic 



acid, between the bases 



of these. Ebstein regards 



these cells as forming- 



pepsin. It is to be remem- 



bered that the appearance 



of the cells differs ac- 



cording to their state of 



physiological activity 



(Figs. 137 and 138). When 



they are exhausted they 



are smaller and more gran- 



ular, owing to the denser 



reticulation of their net-work ; at any rate, they are granular in pre- 



parations hardened in alcohol (Fig. 138).] 



Fig. 135. 



A, Isolated pyloric gland ; (/, isolated goblet 

 cells. 



MUCOSSB. The glands are supported by very delicate connective- 

 tissue mixed with adenoid -tissue (Fig. 134). Below this are two layers, circular 

 and longitudinal, of non-striped muscle, the muscularis mucosce, and from<it fine 

 processes of smooth muscular fibres pass up between groups of the glands towards 

 the free epithelial surface of the gastric mucous membrane. These muscular 

 processes are said to be concerned in emptying the glands. [In the gastric mucous 

 membrane of the cat, there is a clear homogeneous layer which is stained red by 

 picrocanniue, and placed immediately internal to the muscularis mncoste. It is 

 pierced by the processes passing from the muscularis mueosse.] 



Masses of adenoid-tissue occur in the mucous membrane, especially near the 

 pylorus, constituting lynqjh-follic/i <, which are comparable to the solitary glands 

 of the small intestine. 



