398 ABSORPTION OF FATTY PARTICLES. 



amount of bile and pancreatic juice. The maximum per 1 kilo, (cat) 

 was O'G grms. of fat per hour. 



It appears as if the soaps reunite with glycerine in the parenchyma 

 of the villi, to form neutral fats, as Perewoznikoff and Will found, after 

 injecting these two ingredients into the intestinal canal. C. A. Ewald 

 found that fat was formed when soaps and glycerine were brought into 

 contact with the fresh intestinal mucous membrane. Perhaps this is 

 the explanation of the observation of Bruch, who found fatty particles 

 within the blood-vessels of the villi. 



Absorption Of Other Substances. Of soluble substances which are intro- 

 duced into the intestinal canal, some are absorbed and others are not. The 

 following are absorbed alcohol, part of which appears in the urine (not in the 

 expired air), viz., that part which is not changed into C0 2 and H 2 O, within the 

 body; tartaric, citric, inalic, and lactic acids; glycerine, inulin (Komanos); gum 

 and vegetable mucin, which give rise to the formation of glycogen in the liver. 



Amongst colouring matters alizarin (from madder), alkannet, indigo-sulphuric 

 acid, and its soda salt are absorbed ; hsematin is partly absorbed, while chlorophyll 

 is not. Metallic salts seem to be kept in solution by proteids, are perhaps 

 absorbed along with them, and are partly carried by the blood of the portal vein 

 to the liver (ferric sulphate has been found in chyle). Numerous poisons are very 

 rapidly absorbed, e.g., hydrocyanic acid after a few seconds; potassium cyanide 

 has been found in the chyle. 



II. Absorption of the smallest particles. The largest amount of the 

 fats is absorbed in the form of a milk-like emulsion formed by the 

 action of the bile and the pancreatic juice, and consisting of excessively 

 small granules of uniform size (v. Frey). The fats themselves are not 

 chemically changed, but remain as undecomposed neutral fats. The 

 particles seem to be surrounded by a delicate albuminous envelope, or 

 haptogen membrane, partly derived from the pancreatic juice [probably 

 from its alkali-albuminate]. The villi of the small intestine are the 

 chief organs concerned in the absorption of the fatty emulsion, but the 

 epithelium of the stomach and that of the large intestine also take a 

 part. The fatty granules are recognised in the villi (1) Within the 

 delicate canals? (p. 387) in the clear band of the epithelium (Kolliker). 

 [It is highly doubtful if the vertical lines seen in the clear disc of the 

 epithelium of the intestine are due to pores.] (2) The protoplasm of 

 the epithelial cells is loaded with fatty granules of various sizes during 

 the time of absorption, while the nuclei of the cells remain free, although, 

 from the amount of fat within the cells, it is often difficult to distinguish 

 them. (3) The granules pass into the spaces of the parenchyma of the 

 villi ; these spaces communicate freely with each other. (4) The 

 origin of the lacteal in the axis of the villus is found to be filled with 

 fatty granules. 



The amount of fat in the chyle of a dog, after a fatty meal, is 8-10 

 per cent., while the fat disappears from the blood within thirty hours. 



