COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Agents 



COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY BIOLOGICAL SERIES 



Discussions of Current Biological Problems. Modern Text and Reference Works. 



Adapted for General Reading, also for Advanced Courses in High Schools, 



Colleges, Universities, and Medical Schools. Founded upon 



University Courses of Lectures delivered at Columbia 



EDITED BY 



HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN and EDMUND B. WILSON 



Published in 1894. Second Edition, 1897 



Vol. I. FROM THE GREEKS TO DARWIN 



An Outline of the Development of the Evolution Idea 



By HENRY FAIKFIELD OSBORN, LL.D., D.Sc., DaCosta Professor of Zoology, Columbia Uni- 

 versity. 250 pages. $2.00, net. 



I. The Anticipation and Interpretation of Nature. II. Among the Greeks. III. The Theologians 

 and the Natural Philosophers. IV. The Evolutionists of the Eighteenth Century. V. From Lamarck to 

 St. Hilaire. VI. Darwin. Index. 



" But whether the thread be broken or continuous, the history of thought upon this all-important subject 

 is of the deepest interest, and Professor Osborn's work will be welcomed by all who take an intelligent inter- 

 est in Evolution. Up to the present, the pre-Darwinian evolutionists have been for the most part considered 

 singly, the claims of particular naturalists being urged often with too warm an enthusiasm. Professor Osborn 

 has undertaken a more comprehensive work, and with well-balanced judgment assigns a place to each writer." 

 Professor EDWARD B. POI'LTON, in Xatiire, London. 



Published October, 1894. NOW OUT OF PRINT 



Vol. II. AMPHIOXUS AND THE ANCESTRY OF THE 



VERTEBRATES 



By ARTHUR WILLEY, Sc.D., formerly Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge; Tutor in 

 Zoology, Columbia University ; now Curator ot the Museum of Colombo, Ceylon. 316 pages ; 

 136 illustrations. Price $2.50, net. 



Contents. Introduction. I. Anatomy of Amphioxus. II. Anatomy of Amphioxus (cotit.). III. De- 

 velopment of Amphioxus. IV. The Ascidians. V. The Protochordata in their Relation to the Problem 

 of Vertebrate Descent. 



" The observations on Amphioxus made before the second half of the present century, amongst which 

 those of Johannes Miiller take a foremost place, showed that this remarkable animal bears certain resemblances 

 to Vertebrates; and since then its interest in this respect has gradually become more apparent ... A con- 

 secutive history of the more recent observations was, therefore, greatly needed by those whose opportunities 

 did not permit them to follow out the matter for themselves, and who will welcome a book written in an 

 extremely lucid style by a naturalist who can speak with authori y on the subject." Professor W. NEWTON- 

 PARKER, in Nature, London. 



Published June, 1895. NOW OUT OF PRINT 



Vol. III. FISHES, LIVING AND FOSSIL 



An Introductory Study 



By BASHFORD DEAN, Ph.D., Professor of Vertebrate Zoology, Columbia University. 300 pages; 

 344 illustrations. Price $2.50, net. 



Contents. I. Introductory. The form and movement of Fishes. Their classification ; geological dis- 

 tribution ; mode of evolution. The survival of generalized forms II. The evolution of Structures char- 

 acteristic of Fishes ; e.t>. (i) gills, (2) skin defences, teeth, (3) fins, and (4) sense organs III The 

 Lampreys and their allies; their structures and probable relationships. The Ostracoderms and Palaeospondylus. 



IV. The Sharks. Their plan of structure: prominent forms, living and extinct; their interrelationships. 



V. The Chimseroids. Their characteristic structures, their representatives and relationships VI. The Lung- 

 fishes. Their structures ; extinct and recent forms ; the evolution of the group. VII. The Teleostomes (if. 

 Ganoids and Teleosts) Typical members; their structures and interrelationships; their probable descent. 

 VIII. The Groups of Fishes contrasted from the Standpoint of Embryology. Their eggs and breeding habits. 

 Outlines of the development of Lamprey, Shark, Lung-fish, Ganoid, and Teleost. Their larval development. 

 Derivation of Names. Bibliography. Explanatory Tables. Index. 



This work has been prepared to meet the need of the general student for a concise knowledge of the living 

 and extinct Fishes. It covers the recent advances in the comparative anatomy, embryology, and palaeontology 

 of the five larger groups of Lampreys, Sharks, Chimaeroids, Teleostomes, a.nd Dipnoans the aim being to 



