76 CAROTINOIDS AXD RELATED PIGMENTS 



tallized it. For example, carmine colored rhombohedral crystals with a 

 few orange-red trapezoidal forms were obtained from the ether extract 

 of the fruit flesh of Cucumis mclo (Muskmelon) . In the case of the 

 little tomato-like fruits of Eugenia uniflora (Pitanga or Surinam 

 cherry) a red anthocyanin was found in the epidermis cells, and 

 orange colored chromoplastids in the pericarp which crystallized in 

 the form of red-orange rhombic plates, and is thus obviously caro- 

 tinoid in nature. The ether extract of the berries of Douce-amere and 

 Solarium coryinbosum, however, deposited both a yellow amorphous 

 xanthophyll-like pigment and thin, pale, red, rhombohedral platelets, 

 frequently grouped together in clusters. The latter may be carotin. 



Desmouliere (1902) extracted a yellow pigment from the juice of 

 Primus armeniaca (Apricot) with amyl alcohol and the residue from 

 this solution gave the lipochrome reaction with con. H 2 S0 4 . He con- 

 cluded that the pigment was probably carotin but there is no evidence 

 that only one carotinoid was present. The character of the pigment 

 of the apricot and also that of peaches should be examined in the light 

 of our present knowledge of the carotinoids. 



Kohl (1902) obtained carotinoid crystals by the Molisch micro- 

 chemical crystallization method in the case of the fruits of Berberis 

 vulgaris (Common Barberry), and several kinds of Olivias and Coton- 

 easters, but his conclusion that carotin only was involved we know 

 now to be a mistake. 



Tschirch (1904) made a capillary colorimetric analysis of the alco- 

 holic extract of the little fruits of Euonymous europaeus (European 

 Spindle-tree) and obtained several yellow to red-orange zones. The 

 chief zone of the latter color unquestionably showed the spectrum of 

 carotin. Whether other carotinoids are present is not known. 



Duggar (1913) obtained spectroscopic and physiological evidence 

 that the principal pigment of the carpellary tissue of Momordica 

 charantia (Balsam Pear) is carotin but that lycopin, the red tomato 

 pigment, characterizes the bright red aril of the seed. 



Monteverde and Lubimenko (1913b) found the bright red pulp of 

 the tropical fruit Trichosanthus to owe its pigment to lycopin and 

 carotin, chiefly the former. 



Lubimenko (1914a) examined the pigment of a large number of 

 fruits in the famous botanical gardens at Buitenzorg, Java, in order 

 to determine the effects of the tropical conditions on the development 

 and character of the pigment, The predominating pigment found was 

 lycopin or a closely related pigment which Lubimenko calls lycopin- 



