CAROTINOIDS IN THE CRYPTOGAMS 101 



result as indicative 1 of the same types of pigments as are present in 

 higher plants which lie had studied with like results. 



Tammes (1900) demonstrated carotinoids in three species of red 

 algae, which are mentioned in Table 9, using the Molisch micro- 

 crystallization method. Kohl (1902), using the same method, con- 

 firmed this work as well as obtaining positive results on other species. 



TABLE 9. RHODOPHYCEAE FOUND TO CONTAIN CAKOTINOIDS 



Order Bang idles 



Bangia species (fresh water) Nebelung, 1878; Kohl, 1902. 



Porphyra laciniata Tammes, 1900. 



Porphyra hiemalis Kylin, 1911. 



Porphyra vulgaris Sorby, 1873. 

 Order Netnalionales 



Lemania fluvialilus (fresh water) Nebelung, 1878; Kohl, 1902. 



Batrachospcrmum momliforme (fresh water) Reinke, 1876; Nebelung, 

 1878; Kohl, 1902. 



Chantransia species (fresh water) Nebelung, 1878; Kohl, 1902. 

 Order Gigarlinales 



Chondrus crispus Kylin, 1911; van Wisselingh, 1915. 



Cystoclonium purpurascens Kylin, 1911. 

 Order Rhodymeniales 



Dellesseria sanguinea Kylin, 1911. 



Laurencia pinnatifida Kylin, 1911. 



Polysiphonia species Tammes, 1900. 



Polysiphonia nigrescens Kylin, 1911. 



Rhodomela subjusca, R. virgata Kylin, 1911. 



Ceramium rubnim Tammes, 1900; Kylin, 1911; van Wisselingh, 1915. 



Ceramium diaphanum Kylin, 1911. 



Callithamnion hiemale Kylin, 1911. 



Spermothamnion roseolum K} r lin, 1911. 

 Order Cryptonemiales 



Dumontw, filijormis Kylin, 1911. 



Furcellaria fastigiata Kylin, 1911. 



Polyides rotundus Kylin, 1911. 



Corallina officinal^ Kylin, 1911. 



Kylin (1911) has given us the most complete study of the carotin- 

 oids of the Rhodophyceae. He first successfully applied the Molisch 

 carotinoid test to some 18 different species of red algae, as noted in 

 Table 9. Unfortunately this test is not specific for carotin as Kylin 

 believed. Ceramium rubrum was employed for a special study of the 

 carotinoids. Both carotin and xanthophylls were demonstrated by 

 applying the Kraus procedure to extracts of the plants. There seems 

 to be no question regarding the presence of carotin in the red algae. 

 The study of the xanthophylls led to less satisfactory results. By 

 evaporating the xanthophyll-containing alcohol fraction to dryness 

 and heating the residue with petroleum ether it was found possible 

 to separate the pigment into two fractions. The fraction which dis- 



