114 CAROTINOIDS AND RELATED PIGMENTS 



i 



"lichnoxanthin," whose exact relation to known pigments is as yet 

 obscure. 



All of the Hymenomycetes which are known to contain carotinoids 

 are bracket fungi which grow on decaying wood or among fallen 

 leaves. Whether these fungi derive their carotinoids from the hosts 

 upon which they grow or synthesize their own pigments remains to 

 be determined. 



Calocera viscosa is a very sticky fungus of a beautiful orange color 

 which is found abundantly on rotten tree stumps, especially fir, in 

 the autumn. It grows one to three inches high. C. cornea is not so 

 highly colored and grows in spikes one-fourth to two-thirds inches 

 high on dead wood. Dacromyces stillatus forms deep orange colored 

 spots on pine and other decaying wood. Ditiola radicata produces a 

 golden-yellow hymcnium two to three inches across on rotten wood, 

 and among fallen pine leaves, etc. 



TABLE 12. BASIDIOMVCETES FOUND TO CONTAIN -CAROTINOIDS 



Hymenomycetes. 



Calocera viscosa Zopf, 1889c; van Wisselingh, 1915. 



Calocera cornea van Wisselingh, 1915. 



Calocera palmata van Wisselingh, 1915. 



Dacryomyces stillatus Zopf, 1889c. 



Ditiola radicata Zopf, 1893a. 

 Urcdincce (rusts). 



Gymnosporangium junipcrinum Bachmann, 1886. 



Mclampsora Salicis caprcce Bachmann, 18S6. 



Puccinia coronata Bachmann, 1886. 



Triphragmium Ulmarice Bachmann. 1886. 



Uromyccs alchcmillce Bachmann, 1886. 



Colcosporium piilsatiUa Strauss Mullor, 1885; Bertrand and Poirault, 1892. 



Uredo euphrasLr Bertrand and Poirault. 1892. 



Melampsora accidioides D. C. Mviller, 1886; Bertrand and Poirault, 1892. 



Phragmidium violaccum Miiller, 1886. 



Aecidia, Promycclia and Sporidia Spores Kohl, 1902. 



The evidence that these fungi owe their color to carotinoids was 

 first furnished by Zopf (1889c) who found that the chromolipoid 

 when isolated not only responded to the blue color reaction with con- 

 centrated sulfuric acid, which Zopf called the lipocyan reaction, but 

 could be made to produce blue microscopic crystals under the influ- 

 ence of this reagent. Zopf described in detail the method for the 

 formation of the blue "lipocyan" crystals for the pigments of these 

 fungi and also for other lipochrome containing materials. More 

 conclusive evidence that these fungi owe their color to carotinoids 

 was furnished by Zopf (1893a) who isolated a pigment showing the 

 spectroscopic absorption bands of carotin from Ditiola radicata, and 



