80 CAROTINOIDS AND RELATED PIGMENTS 



involved here. Whether other carotinoids are present remains to be 

 determined. 



Lonicera xylosteum (Honeysuckle). Schimper (1885) stated that 

 he observed red and orange-yellow crystals in the plastids of the fruit. 

 Molisch (1896) and Kohl (1902) obtained microchemical crystals by 

 the alkali method of the former worker. Nothing further is known 

 regarding the carotinoids present. 



Physalis franchetti (Chinese Lantern Plant). Carotin is appar- 

 ently the chief if not the only pigment present in the fruit from the 

 observations of Tammes (1900), Tschirch (1904) and van Wisselingh 

 (1915). Tammes obtained splendid microchemical crystals by the 

 acid method. Tschirch found only one characteristic orange-colored 

 zone in the capillary analysis of the alcoholic extract, showing the 

 carotin bands. 



The crystals which van Wisselingh obtained by the alkali micro- 

 chemical method were insoluble in phenol-glycerine, a property which 

 he found to be characteristic of carotins. 



Sorbus aria, Crantz (White Beam-tree). Thudichum (1869) clas- 

 sified the pigment of the fruit among the luteins. Tammes (1900) 

 obtained carotinoid color tests on the plastid pigment. Van Wissel- 

 ingh (1915) found three types of crystals in the fruit wall after 15 

 months' treatment by the Molisch microchemical method; (1) thin 

 orange-red platelets, often parallelograms, (2) orange crystal bundles, 

 and (3) orange-yellow crystal masses. The classification of the caro- 

 tinoids present remains to be made. 



Tamus communis (Black Bryony). Both Hartsen (1873) and 

 Courchet (1888) obtained red crystals from extracts of the berries, 

 but did not name the pigment. Van Wisselingh (1915) has made a 

 closer study and obtained microchemical evidence of lycopin and 

 xanthophylls, but not of carotin in the fruit. An analysis of the pig- 

 ments present using the Tswett (1911a) procedure would be of value 

 in confirming this interesting case of carotinoid distribution. 



Rosa species. Both Tammes (1900) and Kohl (1902) demonstrated 

 carotinoids in fruits of this family, the former using both colorimetric 

 and alkali crystallization methods and the latter the microchemical 

 crystallization (alkali) method only on the plastids. The dark-orange 

 capillary zone which Tschirch (1904) examined showed the carotin 

 spectrum, using the fruit skins of Rosa canina (Dog Rose) , as source 

 of his material. Monteverde and Lubimenko (1913b), however, have 

 isolated lycopin crystals from the dried fruit pulp, but they neverthe- 



