MICROBIAL DISEASES OF MAN AND ANIMALS. 613 



place frequently not only from the sick and convalescents but also from 

 healthy carriers. 



Control of the disease is sought by quarantine of all sick persons 

 and the placing of restrictions if not actual quarantine on those exposed 

 and showing the bacteria in the nose and throat. 



DYSENTERY.* 

 Bacterium dysenteries. 



Two chief types of dysentery are known, one due to a protozoan 

 Amoeba dysenteric; the other due to a bacterium Bad. dysenteries, 

 Only the latter is here dealt with. 



Acute dysentery in an epidemic form is found chiefly in Asia, some- 

 times in Europe and in the Philippines. In this country occasional 

 small epidemics and certain types of summer diarrhoeas of infants have 

 been shown to be due to Bad. dysenteric?. The disease occurs naturally 

 only in man. 



Dysentery is an intestinal disorder usually acute and, in its epidemic 

 form, very severe, marked by a flux in which there is the frequent passage 

 of blood and mucus with severe tenesmus and pain in the abdomen. 

 The fever accompanying this may reach 104 and in the severe cases 

 delirium and death may result. In Japanese epidemics the fatality has 

 reached 25 per cent or more. 



The pathological findings are most marked in the intestine where 

 the mucosa is swollen and hyperaemic, with more or less haemorrhage 

 and extensive necrosis. 



Shiga in 1898 discovered a bacterium in the stools of persons suffering 

 from the disease and the organism was agglutinated by the blood serum 

 of the patients. He found the same organism repeatedly in a consider- 

 able number of cases. 



The results of many other investigations have demonstrated the 

 presence of several forms conforming in general to the type described by 

 Shiga but showing some difference in fermentation properties; these are 

 sometimes known as para- or pseudo-dysentery bacteria. 



The constant presence of the organism in the epidemic type and the 

 fact of agglutination leave little doubt as to the etiological relation. A 



* Prepared by Edward Fidlar. 



