MICROBIAL DISEASES OF MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 819 



fected. Slight cases may be cured by a 2 per cent solution of potassium 

 permanganate, in which the bird's head is plunged for a few seconds. 

 This treatment should be given twice a day and continued until all 

 symptoms have disappeared. The most effective preventive is to keep 

 fowls in good sanitary conditions in dry, clean and well-ventilated 

 houses, free from draughts. 



Besides the organisms mentioned, Loeffler has described the B. 

 diphtheria columbarium, and Loir and Duclaux the B. diphtheria gallin- 

 arum as causing fowl diphtheria, but the diseases produced by these 

 organisms are very dissimilar from the well-known "Roup" of North 

 America. The Klebs-Loeffler bacterium of human diphtheria has no 

 pathogenic effect on fowls. 



GLANDERS * 



Bacterium mallei 



Glanders is a very common and serious disease, most common 

 among equines. It is communicable to the human being by inoculation 

 and by the same process may affect sheep, goats, and laboratory 

 animals. Cattle are not susceptible. 



Bad. mallei and the disease it produces are widely scattered over 

 the civilized world wherever horses are numerous. 



This infection produces a disease which may be acute or chronic 

 according to the virulence of the microorganisms and resistance of the 

 animal. Mules and donkeys are less resistant than horses and usually 

 have the disease in more acute form. 



The characteristic features of the disease produced are inflammatory 

 changes of the lymph glands and lymph vessels, ulceration of mucous 

 membranes, the tubercle, the farcy bud, the lymph cord, and the 

 peculiar, clear, viscid discharge. There is considerable fever in acute 

 cases, much less marked or absent in chronic cases. In a very common 

 type of the disease there frequently occurs a destructive inflammation 

 of the nasal mucous membrane which results in ulcers and consequent 

 nasal discharge. 



Glanders in man is rare considering the frequent opportunity for 

 infection. There are usually inflammatory swellings with involvement 



* Prepared by M. H. Reynolds. 



