738 MICROBIOLOGY OF DISEASES OF MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



PNEUMONIA. Experiences of recent years, especially in the army, 

 have proved the value of pneumococcus vaccine, particularly as a 

 prophylactic agent. The usual dose consists of 500 million killed 

 pneumococci. 



INFLUENZA-PNEUMONIA. Among the various bacterins which 

 were prepared and used experimentally during the influenza-pneumonia 

 epidemic of 1918-1919, the preparation suggested by Rosenow* of 

 the Mayo Foundation has found rather extensive use. This bacterin 

 is composed of carefully selected strains of pneumococci, types i, 2, 3 

 and 4, Strept. hemolyticus and B. influenza. 



CANINE DISTEMPER. Ferry, f corroborated by Torrey t and Mc- 

 Gowan|| found this disease to be primarily an infection of the upper 

 respiratory tract due to a small motile bacillus, B. bronchisepticus. 



Ferry and Torrey proved that suspensions of killed cultures of this 

 organism will immunize dogs against experimental inoculations as well 

 as against the ordinary street infection. The bacterial vaccine is being 

 used for prophylactic purposes in graduated doses of 200, 400 and 600 

 million bacteria per c.c., given at intervals of about five days. 



ASIAIIC CHOLERA. Two methods of vaccination against this 

 disease have been proposed and statistics which relate to field tests 

 show positive results with both. The method of vaccination resulting 

 from the work of Haffkine depends upon the use of cultures of the 

 spirillum of Asiatic cholera, attenuated by growth at temperatures 

 above the optimum. Vaccines of different strengths are used. KolleTf 

 has proposed the use of heated (killed) cultures of the organism. 

 Strong** has developed a vaccine for Asiatic cholera consisting of the 

 filtrates from suspensions of killed and living Msp. comma (Sp. cholera 

 Asiatics). This vaccine is standardized in terms of immunity units, 

 one unit "equaling the amount of immune serum which will protect a 

 guinea-pig of 250 g. weight against the intraperitoneal inoculation of ten 

 times the fatal dose of living cholera organisms." 



* Rosenow, E. C., Jour. A. M. A., Vol. 72, No. 22, p. 1604. 



Rosenow, E. C. and Sturdivant, B. F., Jour. A. M. A., Vol. 73, No. 6, p. 396. 

 t Ferry, Am. Vet. Rev., 1910, Vol. 37, p. 499- Jour, of Infec. Dis., 1911, vol. 8, p. 399- 

 t Torrey, Jour, of Med. Research, 1913, Vol. 27, 291. 

 || McGowan, Jour, of Path, and Bact., 1911, Vol. 15, P- 372. 

 Haffkine, Brit. Med. Jour., 1895, 2. pp. 727, 1509. 

 1 Kolle, Deut. med. Woch., i897 t 23. p. 4. 



* Strong, Philip. Am. Med., 1903, Vol. 6, p. 272. 



Strong, Philip. Jour. Sci., 1907. Vol. 2. p. 155. 



