THE FALSE-SCORPIONS OF SCOTLAND 93 



processes, to which have been given the names of the 

 flagellum, the serrula, and the galea. The flagellum consists 

 of a series of whip-like bristles at least ten in number in 

 Chthonius rayi springing from a distinct projection at the 

 base of the under side of the fixed finger. The serrula is 

 a comb-shaped transparent process, attached to the inner 

 side of the movable finger. In some cases the serrula is 

 attached throughout its length to the movable finger, and 

 in other cases it is attached at its basal half only ; this 

 character with which a number of distinctive features are 

 correlated has been taken advantage of to form a basis 

 for classification, creatures having a serrula of the first type 

 being Panctenodactyli, and those having a serrula of the 

 second type being Hemictenodactyli. In addition to the 

 serrula, there is in some species, near the extremity of the 

 movable finger of the chelicera, and directed forwards, a 

 second transparent process, the galea. Its shape differs in 

 different species, and in certain of our British genera it is 

 wholly absent. Where absent, however, it is represented by 

 a tiny knob, on which the spinning ducts open out. The 

 galea is closely associated with the spinning faculty. (See 

 C. J. With's " Chelonethi," 1906, p. 23.) 



The second pair of appendages, the pedipalps, arise on 

 the under side of the fore-body immediately behind the 

 cheliceras. Each pedipalp is of six pieces, the basal piece 

 being the coxa, and the others in order, the trochanter, the 

 femur, the tibia, and the tarsus. The last-named, of two 

 pieces, resembles a pair of pincers or nippers, and forms the 

 most conspicuous feature of the False-scorpions : it consists 

 of a swollen bulb or hand which is extended forward in a 

 thin pointed finger, against which the sixth piece, which is 

 articulated to the apical portion of the bulb, is more or less 

 closely appressed when the fingers are shut. The fingers 

 of the pedipalps are furnished with long hairs, which serve 

 as delicate sense-organs to the creatures in the dark crannies 

 in which they dwell. 



Four pairs of walking legs form the third to the sixth 

 pairs of appendages. These, in comparison with the 

 pedipalps, are weak and slender and less deeply coloured ; 

 each leg consists of coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsus. 



