42 H. D. GOODALE. 



but usually duller and if anything less regular in pattern. Near 

 the anus the feathers are apt to show a more regular pattern 

 similar to Fig. 4, E. Dorsal surface: anteriorly (Fig. 6, D, E), 

 rather brighter colors than elsewhere and often a distinctly more 

 regular pattern. Fig. 6, D, closely approximates the fancier's 

 ideal. Posteriorly the pattern becomes variable again and colors 

 duller (Fig. 7, C, E). In some females the entire dorsal surface 

 is almost black, as the buff markings become faint (Fig. 7, E). 

 Main tail: brownish black, with narrow buff margins. Junction 

 of wing with body: (Fig. 8, C) light rufous with irregular black 

 spots. Scapulars: various modifications of "ideal" type. Upper 

 surface of wing not including remiges: dull black with buff 

 margins. Remainder of wing like males except that inner secon- 

 daries have some tendency toward developing white bands. 



Young. Unfortunately I have only a few notes on the feathers 

 of the young. In one young female, the breast (Fig. 8, E) and 

 keel feathers were dull brownish black with a buff margin, which 

 is very narrow at the apex. The rump feathers were black with 

 a narrow subapical buff band bounded by a margin of black. 



In two young males the breast feathers were dull black, the 

 distal half margined with buff and having two narrow transverse 

 subapical buff bands (Fig. 8, D}. The keel feathers were like 

 those of the young female. The rump feathers were black like 

 those of the adult male. 



The general appearance of the young female, even before she 

 gets a full coat of feathers, is like that of the adult. The young 

 male, too, resembles the female, until one learns the characters 

 which distinguish him from his sisters. 



The Relation between the Summer Plumage of the Male and the 



Female's Plumage. 



These descriptions show that the male in summer plumage 

 merely mimics the female. He does not even become entirely 

 like her. In certain sections, as pointed out, there are no modi- 

 fications toward the female type. In others, i. e., the head, 

 breast and keel region, the feathers of the male become quite 

 like those of the female. Individual feathers may be indistin- 

 guishable from female feathers. But the male in addition has 



