THE BIOLOGY OF THE RED-BACKED SALAMANDER. 



345 



young enough stages to note the first appearance of color, but 

 the red-brown of the dorsal stripe is visible at an early age. 



Embryo red back, age unknown. (Enlarged about six times.) (Photographed 

 by Dr. Miller.) 



With each cluster of eggs, there was always one or two adults. 

 Dissection showed that when there was one only, it was a female, 



Embryo red-back taken from egg some days before time for hatching, showing 

 the three pairs of gills. (Enlarged three times.) (Photographed by the author.) 



when two, they were male and female. There is, accordingly, no 

 evidence that the male takes any active part in the care of 



