ADOPTION OF QUEENS BY ALIEN SPECIES. 289 



July 25 2.45 P.M. I place in the first queen. She receives very harsh treatment 

 and is killed by 4.00 P.M. and her body cut in two at the petiole. 



4.10 P.M. I place in a winged queen. She receives no better treatment than 



her predecessor and is killed by 6.00 P.M. 



July 27 9.15 A.M. I place in the light chamber another artificially dealated queen 

 of A phcenogaster tennesseensis. She runs about in the light chamber for 

 several minutes, goes into the passage-way several times but not into the 

 dark chamber. The fulva workers evidently detect her by her odor and one 

 or two enter the light chamber and dart at her with abdomen turned under 

 as though to grab her, but simply feel of her with their antennae and allow 

 her to run away. 



9.45 A.M. Still in the light chamber. 



4.45 P.M. I was compelled to be away during the day. The queen is now resting 

 on the brood and is not being molested by the workers. One worker is 

 licking her, although at times it seems to nab her. 



5.30 P.M. The queen is licking the fulva larvae. She moves about among the 



workers, none of which now molest her in the least. The pieces of the other 



two queens have been distributed among the larva? and are being eaten by 



them. 



July 27 8.00 P.M. The queen is resting on the larva? with the workers and appears 



to be perfectly at home. 



July 28 7.45 A.M. The queen is resting contentedly with the workers and larva?. 

 I was compelled to leave the experiment for a few days but during my absence 

 one of the students in the laboratory recorded that on July 28 3.00 P.M. 

 hostilities were again begun against the queen and that she was killed by 

 9.00 A.M. July 31. 



Between August 2 and August 26 I placed in the nest in succession seven more 

 queens of A phcenogaster tennesseensis, all of which were killed after a longer or 

 shorter time. 



The other colony of Aphcenogaster picea which I used contained 

 about forty workers, one queen, and a number of larvae and pupae. 

 I placed the first queen in the nest on July 19 at 2.10 P.M. She 

 was killed some time during the following night. 



July 20 8.55 A.M. I place in another queen. She lives 

 until 10.45 the next day. At 10.50 A.M. I place in a third 

 queen and she succeeds in living until the morning of July 23. 

 I also tried two queens of Aph&nogaster tennesseensis with about 

 twenty workers and some brood of the true A. fulva. Both 

 queens were killed. The other experiments with colonies of A. 

 aquia.may be briefly summarized as follows: 



B. 240. 



Contained ten workers, two winged queens, one male and brood. Between 

 August 1 8 and September i, I placed in three queens all of which were killed. 



B. 24b. 



Contained eight workers and a few pupse. Between August 18 and September 

 7 two queens were killed. 



