THE BOTTLE-ANIMALCULE, FOLLICULINA; 

 (ECOLOGICAL NOTES. 



E. A. ANDREWS. 



The following observations upon the cecology of the marine 

 protozoan Folliculina, known to some microscopists as the 

 Bottle-animalcule, were made in connection with a study of its 

 life history and method of forming its bottle-shaped case that 

 will be published elsewhere. 



In the summer of 1912, and again in 1913, vast numbers of 

 these interesting protozoa and their cases were found on aquatic 

 plants in the Severn River, which is a brackish side branch of the 

 Chesapeake Bay. 



The wide distribution of this highly specialized marine Stentor 

 is indicated in the following brief outline of the history of our 

 knowledge of it. Discovered by O. F. Muller in 1781 on the 

 Danish coast, it was next studied on the Norwegian coast in 

 1858 by Claparde and Lachman and on the British coast by 

 Strethill Wright; at Wismar by Stein in 1861 ; near Kiel by Mobius 

 in 1865; again on the British coast by Saville Kent in 1870-1879; 

 near Naples by Geza Entz in 1884 and in the same year by A. 

 Gruber at Genoa. 



Recently, 1910-1913, Carl Dons had described various Follicn- 

 linas from Norway, Spitzbergen and Iceland as well as the Adri- 

 atic, while Laachmann has found them in West Australia, Su- 

 matra and the Antarctic. 



The only records of its occurence in American waters is that 

 of Leidy, who in 1859 found it at Newport, R.I., on the Atlantic 

 coast of the United States while dredging with Col. Powel, and 

 that of Ryder, who in 1880 described it as found in quantities 

 on oyster shells from the west coast of the Chesapeake Bay. 



In the sea Folliculina has been found living attached to various 

 red and brown algae and other plants as well as upon stones, the 

 shells of molluscs, and annelids and the tests of hydroids, 

 bryozoa and tunicates from shallow shore waters down to depths 



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