146 J. F. MCCLENDON. 



chemically, whereas pressure, trituration, shaking, heat, condenser 

 discharges, freezing and thawing, water, drying and moistening, 

 salts (including bile salts), acids and alkalis, might act also on 

 proteids. 



Since any treatment which causes great swelling 1 of the cor- 

 puscle leads to loss of haemoglobin, it is probable that stretching 

 or breaking of the surface film increases its permeability. But 

 laking may occur without swelling, and even crenated corpuscles 

 may be laked by sodium taurocholate. 



Hober 2 observed that the relative action of ions in favoring 

 haemolysis is: salicylate>benzoate>I >NOs, Br>Cl>SO4 and 

 K > Rb > Cs > Na, Li. Since this is the order in which they affect 

 the aggregation state of colloids, their action is probably on the 

 aggregation state of the colloids of the corpuscle (proteids or lipoids 

 or their combinations). 



The permeability of formaldehyde-fixed corpuscles to ions, is 

 greatly increased by extraction of the lipoids with ether, or by 

 treatment with substances such as saponin, which act on lipoids. 

 Since the proteids have been thoroughly fixed, it is evident that 

 they play no part in this process, though they may do so in the 

 non-fixed corpuscles. 



The relation of lipoids outside of the corpuscles to ha?molysis 

 has been extensively investigated, and cannot be fully treated 

 here. Willstatter found that cholesterin combines with one of 

 the saponins, destroying its haemolytic power. Iscovesco 3 con- 

 cludes that cholesterin combines with soap, and prevents its 

 toxic action. 



Changes in permeability of the corpuscles to ions were studied 

 chemically before the application of the electrolytic method. 

 Hamburger 4 and Limbeck 6 observed that when CO 2 is passed 

 through blood, chlorine passes from serum into corpuscles and 

 the alkalescence of tin- scrum is increased. On the other hand, 

 the distribution of sodium and potassium is not changed. 6 



1 Roaf, 0- J- Exper. Physiol., III., 75, supposes this swelling to be due to ioniza- 

 tion and hence increased osmotic pressure of haemoglobin. 



2 Biochem. Zeil., 1908, XIV., 209, and he. cil. 



* Comptes Rendus, Soc. Biol., 1910, LXIX.. 566. 

 4 7,eit. f. Biol., 1891, XXVIII.. 405. 



6 Arch. exp. Path., 1895, XXXV., 309. 



* Giirber, Sitzungsber. physik.-med. Ges. Wurzlmrg, 1895. 



