TENSION PHENOMENA OF LIVING ELEMENTS. 157 



at the surface of the egg, at the beginning of development (when 

 it fills the so-called " perivitelline space"). I observed that this 

 substance bears a positive charge (is basic) since it migrates 

 toward the kathode when an electric current is passed through 

 water containing the fertilized egg. 



The unfertilized egg is imbedded in a mass of jelly which is 

 probably inucin. This jelly bears a negative charge (is acid) 

 since it combines with color bases. 



When the positively charged colloid is exposed at the Mirface 

 ise in permeability) and come> in contact \\ith the 

 ne^.imeh (harmed jelly, the two mum. illy precipitate at their 

 MII" t' ntuct, thus forming the fertilization membrane. 



Mm it .ill "t" the jelly is washed off of the egg before ihe l.n u-r is 

 (.iu-i.1 i" develop, no fertilization membrane i- (Wined .1- I 

 h,i\r <ib-er\ed) because no two oppositely charged colloid^ are 

 bronchi in < nMct, but the basic colloid may with difficulty be 

 Bi 'ii as .1 n fra< live layer, which has been mi-taken for a p->'>rlv 

 developed "fertilization membrane." 



flu oba i \ .it ion of Lyon 1 makes it appear that catal.i-e conu-> 

 out of fertili/ed more quickly than unfertilized v. -. prokil>l\ due 

 t" in- 1 1 .i-ed permeability. 



l.\i.n "b-crved that C().j came out of fertili/ed more <|ui kl\ 

 th.iii iiiilVi tili/ed eggs, and ( ). Warburg. l."cb .uul IU\M!! 

 ob-iTM-d that oxygen is absorbed more rapidly by the lonui-r. 

 \\- miiilit a-k: I >oe> increased permeability allow increased 

 o\i<l.i!i"U, or is increased oxidation the primarx cause "f the 

 incrc.iM-il respiration? 



The p-rineability change is the simplest : xplaiiatimi, and in 

 \\liat other \\a\- could oxidation be inciv.i-rd J I .neb -uppo-i-d 

 tin- >pcnu carried an oxidase into the egg. 3 ISut QO addition . ,t 

 oxidate i- concerned in artificial parthenogenesis, and I .orb 



Mined that the oxidase (or other en/\ me, kina-r.-'i i- held in 

 the egg prriphery and cannot penetrate the e;^^ interior until 

 the permeability is increased. 



In addition to oxygen, oxidase, and escape of CO 2 , hydro\yl 



im.J . 1909, IV.. 199. 



\1.< Mini, .n an.l M iti. hell. Jour. Biol. C u. X.. . 



* In tin- .piiiuvti-'ii it K interesting to note that M.IMII.U. '/.fil. j>hy>i>- < 

 iyi". 1 \\ I 265. i.iili-il to tinl inoir iron in s|n-rm than in sea water. 



