TENSION PHENOMENA OF LIVING ELEMENTS. 145 



be laked by ammoniacal water, at a temperature which must be 

 higher, the more thoroughly they have been fixed. Ammonia 

 combines with formaldehyde. 



Sieuart 1 supposes that the haemoglobin must be liberated from 

 some compound before the blood can be laked. \Ye cannot say 

 th.it the corpuscle is always permeable to haemoglobin from within 

 mi tward. Ilouever the corpuscle probably is impermeable to it 

 from \\iihont inward, since it does not take up haemoglobin from 

 Union. .UK! alter the blood is laked the serum contains haemo- 

 globin in greater concentration than the "ghosts" do. 



Ai .my rale, permeability to haemoglobin appears to be inde- 

 pendent of permeability to salts, since Rollett 2 found that hiking 

 by coiiden-er di-rhargcs may set free the haemoglobin \\ iilmut the 

 corpu-e|e becoming permeable to ions. Stewart 3 concluded tli.it 

 tin -.line i- inn- of hiking with sodium taurocholate even alter 

 i on-iilriin^ the depressing action of haemoglobin on tin- con- 

 din ti\ ii\ . 



Stewart 4 and others had already shown that blood laked by 

 minimal appli< ations of such hiking agents as free/in^ and thaw- 

 iiu. Ueaii: oo), foreign serum, and autoly.-U -poniam-ous 



l.iki iuse 1'iit a Alight increase in the permeability to ion-, 



when-a- tin toiitiiuied application of some of these agents, or 

 e-l>e< i.ill\ -mil violent reagents as distilled water and saponin, 

 cause a marked increase in electric conductivity. On the other 

 liaiid if saponin is added to defibrinated blooil at o, the con- 

 ductivity "I ilie corpuscles to ions begins to inert a-e before any 

 ha nio-loliin escapes from the corpuscles. 



The liberal ii>n "f the haemoglobin by some lakin^ agents ma\- 

 I'e <lue to i lu diiet t action of the reagent in breaking up ilie com- 

 ixiiind in \\liit-li ilie blood pigment exists, but is probably some- 

 times a -ei-oinlary effect, following increase in permeability to 

 electrolyt< 



It ha- been shown that many laking agent.-, lipoid soKciu-, 

 saponin nn-atnrated fatty acids, soaps, and lurmolysins (con- 

 tainin- lipa-e are such as would alter lipoids physically or 



i. ijnd l-.\f>fr. Therapeutics, 1909, I., 49. 

 /' ' . 1 XXX II., 199. 



I .' . X. 



1 Jour, i XXIV., Jii. 



