142 C. H. TURNER. 



to j, makes exploring movements, moves up and down j several 

 times and then returns to the post. In a sinuous line it con- 

 tinues down the post to d. which it mounts. Returning to the 

 post, it continues downward to a, which it mounts, makes a few 

 exploring movements and, returning to the post, continues 

 downward to the ground. It then reascends the post a few 

 inches and rests a few minutes. It continues upward to d, moves 

 out d to e and rests thereon indefinitely. 



If one may speak of types where there is so much individuality, 

 the above descriptions may be considered typical of the many 

 hundred of records. There were, to be sure, specific variations. 

 Some species were sluggish and others rapid, some were vigorous, 

 others fatigued quickly, some were persistently seeking a solution 

 of the difficulty, others rested at frequent intervals and for long 

 lengths of time, or else made practically no attempt to solve the 

 problem ; some letisimulated for a long period when placed at the 

 foot of the maze, others began to climb at once. All these, how- 

 ever, are but minor variations, the essentials are as stated above- 

 When a caterpillar is placed on top of the post, either im- 

 mediately or after a slight letisimulation, it moves down the 

 post ; making the same variety of random movements as are made 

 by those caterpillars that are placed at the foot of the maze. 



When a caterpillar is placed on one of the arms of the maze, 

 either with or without a preliminary letisimulation, it soon reaches 

 the post. There it may either descend or ascend and make the 

 same type of random movements as is made by caterpillars 

 placed at the foot of the maze. 



As a variant, one or more bands of filter paper, saturated with 

 oil of cloves or oil of cedar, were attached to the maze at G and 

 H, as indicated in Figs. I and 2. When one scented band was 

 used the caterpillar was placed either at the foot of the maze or 

 on its top. Whenever the insect reached the scented band, it 

 made exploring movements and then retreated. Otherwise its 

 behavior was the same as that of a caterpillar on a plain vertical 

 maze. 



Where two scented bands were used (Fig. 2), the caterpillar 

 was always placed on the maze between the two bands. The only 

 way for the captive to escape to the ground, without crossing a 



