GRASSHOPPERS IN RELATION TO PLANT ASSOCIATIONS. 1 73 



Geographic Relations. 



The vegetation of the region, as has already been mentioned, is 

 composed of two geographic elements, that of the Northeastern 

 Conifer Province and that of the Eastern Deciduous Province. 

 In addition there are certain associations, chiefly made up of 

 plants which cannot be assigned to these vegetation regions. 

 Comparison was made of the geographic distribution of grass- 

 hoppers \vith that of the vegetation, and with their own local 

 distribution. 



Most of the species are generally northern in distribution. Of 

 these Podisma glacialis variegata, Melanoplus island-lens, and 

 Chloealtis conspersa may be assigned to the Northeastern Province. 

 Circotettix verruculatus, Melanoplus fasciatus, M. luridus, M. 

 minor, Camnula pellucida, and Stenobothrus curtipennis range in 

 both northeastern and northwestern coniferous regions, extending 

 south to varying distances in both Appalachian and Rocky 

 Mountains. Arphia pseudonietana does not range so far to the 

 east as these preceding species. Arphia, Melanoplus luridus, M. 

 minor, Camnula, and Stenobothrus occur also throughout the 

 northern part of the Prairie Province. 



Spharagemon bolli and Scirtetica marmorata may be assigned to 

 the Eastern Deciduous Province. Hippiscus tuberculatus is found 

 in the northern parts of both prairie and deciduous forest. 

 Melanoplus angustipennis is a prairie species, being found abun- 

 dantly in sandy parts of the Prairie Province, ranging also west 

 into the sage-brush country, in Utah. 



Dissosteira Carolina, Melanoplus atlanis, M. femur-rubrum, M. 

 differ entialis, and M. bivittatus are of very wide geographic 

 distribution, ranging over most of the United States and much of 

 Canada. 



Certain species of the first group are rather sharply restricted 

 to the coniferous forest regions, while others range well into the 

 prairie and deciduous forest regions. Chloealtis and M. fasciatus 

 range also into deciduous forest. M. luridus, M. minor, Camnula 

 (in the northern prairie states), and Arphia range also into the 

 prairie region. An excellent instance of the sometimes sharp 

 boundary between two provinces is shown along the foothills of 

 the eastern Rocky Mountains in Colorado. Here Chloealtis, 



