356 C. H. TURNER. 



jumped into the water, the jumping attitude does not always 

 result in a spring. To see a roach, which has learned to avoid 

 rushing off of the maze into the water and which will struggle 

 hard to avoid slipping from the edge of a runway into the water, 

 halt, reach outward and upward with its antennae, act as though 

 it were trying to see what is beyond, pause and then jump is food 

 for much thought. Have we not here a conflict of impulses and 

 is not the jumping or the refusing to jump the resultant of this 

 conflict? Is not such a resultant what the human psychologists 

 call an act of will? Whenever I behold the jumping behavior, 

 I am impressed with a feeling that the roach is experiencing a 

 conflict of impulses and hence is displaying a will. 



In most cases the jumps were made from some one of the outer 

 edges of the maze; but, in a few cases, the jump seemed to be 

 aimed at a definite point. On two occasions a roach jumped 

 and landed on the cork of one of the bottles that supported the 

 maze. At another time, a roach jumped from the runway 2 to 

 blind alley G and traveled along that, over zigzaging pathways, 

 to the main trail at C and thence to the incline and down it to 

 its cell. On its next trial, the roach attempted to make this 

 same leap; but only its forefeet touched G and it fell into the 

 water. On two other occasions I noticed roaches attempt to 

 jump from one runway to another; but they always failed to 



secure a foothold. 



ACROBATIC FEATS. 



The broad jumps described above are not the only acrobatic 

 activities of the roaches that ran the maze. As mentioned above, 

 the roaches frequently moved along suspended from the edge of 

 a runway. With the three feet of one side clinging to the edge 

 of the maze and with the three feet of the other side braced 

 against the under side of the runway, any of the roaches could 

 progress for a short distance, and the young roaches, those from 

 ten to twelve millimeters in length, would run along in this 

 position and return to the upper side at pleasure. In this 

 inverted position, the young roaches could even turn around 

 without returning to the upper side of the runway. Letting go 

 of the edge of the maze with the first and second feet of the off 

 side and catching hold of the edge with the third foot of the 



