GRASSHOPPERS IN RELATION TO PLANT ASSOCIATIONS. 



to habitat, the second with respect to growth-form of the plants. 

 These two considerations determine the physical and vegetational 

 conditions to which the grasshopper species are subjected. 



It is to be understood that grasshoppers are animals of the 

 ground stratum and of the herbaceous stratum. In so far as 

 these strata are similar as habitats in different plant associations, 

 these associations may be treated together. Considerations as 

 to whether associations are proximate or ultimate, geographic or 

 local, native or ruderal, whether they belong to the Northeastern 

 Province or the Deciduous Forest Province, are of interest only 

 as they affect relative area of different associations within the 

 region, and consequently the relative frequency and abundance 

 of the grasshopper species of the different associations. In the 

 following synopsis, the moisture factor is used for the division 

 according to habitat, though other physical factors, such as soil, 

 might have been used if it had been desirable to subdivide 

 further. The synopsis arranges the associations of the region 

 according to their similarity as habitats for grasshoppers. 



Herbaceous or grassland associations. 

 In wet or moist habitats. 



Sedge and other littoral associations. 



Meadow associations. 

 In dry habitats. 



Sparsely vegetated or bare soil. 



Beach-grass associations. 



Ruderal dry grassland. 



Hardwood clearings. 



Bracken-blueberry growth of open aspen forest. 

 Forest associations. 



In wet or moist habitats. 



Cedar bog forest. 



Ravine forest. 

 In mesophytic habitats. 



Closed aspen forest. 



Beech-maple (hardwood) forest. 



Among the dry grassland associations, variable conditions 

 (resultants of both physical and vegetational agencies) are: 

 texture and compactness of soil, humus content, proportion of 

 bare surface; height, density, and general character of the 

 vegetation. Sparsely vegetated grassland has a high proportion 

 of bare surface; roadways and other small areas of bare soil are 

 to be considered as part of an area of open vegetation. 



