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NEIL S. DUNGAY. 



case irregular bunches appeared on the body which became 

 enlarged and transparent. This appearance was not due to post 

 mortem changes, for the animals sometimes continued to swim 

 about slowly. Many times the setae failed to appear as has been 

 described in other cases. In the case of 40.5 and 40.6 the smaller 

 abnormality is probably due to the greater mortality, since the 

 abnormal individuals are often not very resistant. The general 

 impression given by this series is similar to that formed from the 

 observations on the alcohol series. 



TABLE I. 



EXPERIMENT 40. July 21, 1911. All inseminated at 9:30 A.M. 



6. Hydrochloric Acid. The effects of acid upon the sperm 

 cells were also observed, the experiments being conducted in the 

 same manner as the alkali series. A number of drops of 9 per 

 cent. HC1 were added to 10 c.c. of sea water and the sperm were 

 placed in this solution for 25 minutes. All three of the controls 

 were perfectly normal. Eggs inseminated by the sperm suspen- 

 sion containing one drop of acid often stopped development in late 

 cleavage. Others formed irregularly shaped permanent trocho- 

 phores. Later over 50 per cent, of the larvae were abnormal 

 in body form and character of the setae. The eggs inseminated 

 by the sperm suspension containing two drops of acid frequently 

 failed to cleave. A few permanent two-cell stages were produced. 

 Some of the abnormal larval stages again appeared but not so 

 large a proportion as in the previous case. More than two drops 



