PROGRESS OF BOTANY IN SCOTLAND 223 



Archief" issued in 1886 and 1887. The same is done, in 

 a less precise yet a useful way, in a flora of Finland issued 

 some years ago. It has not yet been attempted for the flora 

 of Britain. 



Turning now for a little to the lower cryptogams of 

 Scotland, we find that they are included in the earlier floras 

 along with the higher plants, but that, as might be antici- 

 pated, the smaller and rarer forms mostly escaped detection 

 by the earlier botanists. " The Scottish Cryptogamic Flora," 

 commenced in 1823, the "Flora Edinensis," and other 

 works on algae and other lower cryptogams entitle Dr. R. 

 K. Greville to a very high rank among Scottish botanists. 

 The mosses, liverworts, algae, lichens, and fungi have been 

 investigated by numerous students during the past century, 

 records of whose labours will be found chiefly in the journals 

 and publications already named and in " Grevillea " ; and 

 the " Annals and Magazine of Natural History " contain a 

 long series of papers by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley on new 

 British fungi, many of them collected by Scottish botanists. 

 Such books as Braithwaite's " British Mosses," Pearson's 

 " British Hepaticse," and Stevenson's " Mycologia Scotica " 

 show how much has been done to throw light on these groups 

 of plants in Scotland ; but they also show that the lower 

 cryptogams have been carefully studied in comparatively 

 few parts of the country, and that much has to be done 

 before our knowledge of their local distribution can be 

 looked on as satisfactory. How much remains to be done, 

 even in the discovery of species not previously found in 

 Scotland, is well shown by the numerous additions to the 

 liverworts recently found by Mr. M'Vicar, and to the records 

 of fungi in various publications since the " Mycologia 

 Scotica" was issued in 1879, of marine algre in the papers 

 of Batters and Holmes, of Desmids in Roy's list published 

 in this Journal in 1893-94, of Characecs by H. and J. 

 Groves in the " Journal of Botany," and of other fresh- 

 water algae by the Messrs. West. From these records, and 

 from a comparison of the lists for Scotland with those of 

 Continental Europe, e.g. with Rabenhorst's " Kryptogamen- 

 Flora," it is evident that very much still remains to be done 

 to render the botanical survey of the country thorough or 



