20 Annals of the South African Museum. 



Bemains of the hyoid apparatus are preserved, but not sufficiently 

 satisfactorily to enable one to identify the elements with certainty. 



VERTEBRAL COLUMN. 



Of the vertebral column there is a continuous series of 33 vertebrae, 

 ranging from the axis to the llth caudal, and containing 

 18 praesacral, 4 sacral, and 11 caudal vertebrae. 



The axis is complete, save for the neural spine, which is represented 

 by a base 35 mm. long. The body of the axis is much shorter than 

 those of the succeeding vertebrae, being 35 mm. in length. It 

 is 40 mm. broad, and the total height of the vertebra to the base 

 of the spine is 60 mm. The distance between the posterior 

 zygapophyses is 50 mm. There is a short transverse process in 

 the anterior half of the vertebra for the head of a short, apparently 

 single-headed rib, which is almost on a level with the top of the 

 body. Intercentra were probably present in all the cervical 

 vertebrae, but \vere certainly small. 



The 3rd and 4th cervicals agree in possessing bodies whose 

 length is equal to the greatest width, neural spines strongly 

 directed forward, and articular surfaces for double-headed ribs, 

 one surface being a process in the anterior part of the middle of 

 the centrum, and the other the transverse process just above 

 the level of the body. The bodies of these vertebrae, and of the 

 5th cervical, are provided with a strong longitudinal ventral ridge, 

 with slight excavations on either side. The zygapophyses are 

 not so wide apart as in the dorsals. 



The 5th and 6th vertebrae are displaced, but are provided with 

 complete neural spines, which increase in thickness upward, and at 

 the top contain a pronounced depression. Each spine is 47 mm. 

 high. The 5th still possesses two articular surfaces for the ribs ; 

 but the 6th has the two surfaces fused for the articulation of a 

 single-headed rib. The single surface projects as a strong plate 

 beneath the prezygapophysis. The cervical ribs increase rapidly 

 in size and strength up to the 7th, which is comparatively massive. 

 Similarly the zygapophyses become wider apart and more strongly 

 developed, the following being the width between the points of 

 the postzygapophyses of the vertebrae up to the 8th : 2nd, 50 mrn. ; 

 3rd, 62 mm. ; 4th, 63 mm. ; 5th, 74 mm. ; 6th, 94 mm. ; 7th, 

 102 mm. ; 8th, 120 mm. The 5th vertebra, which is the most 

 complete of the cervicals (although somewhat crushed), gives the 

 following measurements : Length of centrum, 51 mm. ; whole 



