72 Annals of the South African Museum. 



the sculpturing. The quadrato-jugal forms the outer posterior angle 

 of the skull, articulating with the squamosal, jugal, and probably 

 with the maxilla. The squamosal is a fairly large pentagonal bone 

 forming the outer boundary of the auditory notch, having a well- 

 defined junction with the suprasquamosal, and probably meeting the 

 postorbital in front. The suprasquamosal forms a small part of 

 the boundary of the auditory notch, the inner wall of which is formed 

 by the tabulare. The pineal foramen lies wholly in the parietals, 

 which are rectangular bones. 



The postorbital apparently extends further out from the orbit 

 than in Eryops. The postfrontal is small, and the frontal is 

 completely excluded from the orbital border. The jugal forms 

 about 30 mm. of the outer border of the orbit, and is the largest 

 bone on the surface of the skull. The postparietal has an almost 

 square cranial portion, and is larger than the corresponding bone 

 in Eryops. The superficial cranial bones completely hide the 

 exoccipital condyles in a view from above. 



Nothing can be seen of the palate. Several teeth are seen along 

 the edge of the maxilla, each about 15 mm. long. They are simple, 

 pointed, unserrated. 



Vertebral column. There are 29 vertebrae between the occiput 

 and the sacrum. Most of the dorsal spines are missing, and the 

 ventral side of the column has not been exposed. The left-hand 

 sides of most of the intercentra are displayed, and all the neural 

 arches. As in Eryops, the neural arch of the first vertebra consists 

 of two halves, the anterior portions of which articulate with the 

 exoccipital condyles, and the upper portions of which pass backwards 

 along the sides of the dorsal spine of the axis. Each half of the 

 atlantal spine has an articular width of 32 mm. and is 54 mm. long. 



From the axis to the sacrum the neural arches are approximately 

 similar. There are well-marked transverse processes for the articu- 

 lation of the ribs. From the 7th vertebra to the sacrum the width 

 across the transverse processes gradually decreases. The following 

 gives the measurements of two of the best-preserved vertebrae : 



13th vertebra. 22nd vertebra. 



Length of arch 45mm. 52 mm. 



Length of dorsal spine 36 ,, 27 ,, 



Height of spine above transverse process 31 ,, 29 ,, 



\Vidthbetweenextremitiesofprocesses... 88 ,, 61 ,, 



All the vertebrae carry ribs. The ribs from the 2nd to the 8th 

 have their distal thirds strongly expanded with a well-defined 



