-70 Annals of the South African Museum. 



Pacific element, of which the latter collection includes uo fewer than 

 thirty-seven specimens, is unrepresented at Umkwelane Hill, as are the 

 genera Gaudnjceras, Tetragonites and Pseudophyllites, the last repre- 

 sented in the new collection by three specimens, one of which reaches 

 the diameter of 290 mm. 



The gigantic Parapuzosia and the Place nticeras, also, are represented 

 only in the Umkwelane Hill fauna, and though occurring in Mada- 

 gascar, are not known from Pondoland. The Zululaud locality also has 

 the unique Diaziceras as a strictly local type, whereas in Pondoland 

 E ulophoceras and its close ally Spheniscoceras form special develop- 

 ments, not occurring elsewhere. 



It is clear that this indicates a difference of facies, the stenothernial 

 Lytoceratidae being dependent on deeper water or warm currents. 

 Lithologically the difference is indicated by the absence of glauconite 

 in Zululaud ; and what chancres of facies mav be observed in a distance 



J 



equal to that separating the Pondoland Umzamba beds from Umkwe- 

 lane Hill, is seen when comparing the deposits of the warm coralline 

 Gosau Sea with the contemporaneous beds left by the colder Chalk 

 Sea. These Lytoceratidae are absent also in Egypt and Baluchistan, 

 but occur in Madagascar and Southern India, and, as regards Pondo- 

 land, their distribution cannot be said to support the view put forward 

 by Grossouvre (and not accepted by Woods), that there was at least 

 as close a relationship to the fauna of the Chalk of Europe as to that 

 of Southern India. The fact that Mortoniceras, which forms one of 

 the most important elements of the South African faunas, is absent in 

 India, of course constitutes a striking difference, and might unduly 

 encourage comparison with corresponding European assemblages such 

 as those of Galicia or Poland, where Hauericeras gardeni and Koss- 

 maticeras (?), two Indo-Pacific elements, occur. Taking the South 

 African fauna as a whole, however, its affinity with the Indo- 

 Pacific fauna is undeniable, and, as has been mentioned before, the 

 " Atlantic " type of deposit (with Mortoniceras and Placenticeras) 

 found in Zululand, and the Indo-Pacific type (with Lytoceratidae and 

 Kossimiticeras) occurring in Poudoland," are connected by the presence 

 in both faunas of Pseudoschloenbachia, probably an active swimmer, 

 and of beuthonic crawlers (Diplomoceras, Bostrychoceras) and mud- 

 boring Baculites. 



Of particular interest, perhaps, are the two turricoues of the 



* It is interesting to note that the additional Ammonites from Pondoland, 

 lately described by Dr. van Hoepen, and, with one or two exceptions, the 

 fauna sent by the Durban Museum, consist of such " Indo-Pacific " types, 

 unknown at Umkwelane Hill. 



