The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 439 



D. 66-72, A. 50-60 ; 26 gill-rakers (in very young) 

 to 50 on anterior arch ; distance between dorsal 



and caudal 11-3 times diameter of eye . . . . 1. C. unriepiium, Burch. 

 >>. Vomerine teeth all or mostly granular, forming 

 a crescentic band as broad as the premaxillary 

 band, with or withotit posterior processes. 

 D. 62-66, A. 53-60 ; about 30 gill-rakers on 

 anterior arch ; distance between dorsal and 

 caudal fins 1^ times diameter of eye 2. C. mossambicus, Peters. 



c. Vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic 



band which, in the middle, is nearly twice as 



broad as the premaxillary band. 



D. 60, A. 50 ; 15-30 gill-rakers on anterior arch, 



long ; distance between dorsal and caudal fins -^ 



to | length of head 3. C. ngamcnsis, Cast. 



tl. Vomerine teeth mostly granular, forming a band 



which is a little narrower than premaxillary band 



and interrupted in the middle. 



D. 65, A. 52 ; 55 gill-rakers on anterior arch, 



distance between dorsal and caudal fins twice 



diameter of eye 4. C. capensis, C. and V. 



II. Ventral fins 1J to 2 times as distant from root of 

 caudal as from end of snout, or nasal barbel at 

 least as long as head ; head smooth or very feebly 

 granulate above ; less than 30 gill-rakers on 

 anterior arch. 



Dorsal and anal fins embracing or adnate to base 

 of caudal ; maxillary barbel | to 1 J times length 

 of head. 



D. 80-90, A. 67-73 ; 14 gill-rakers on anterior arch ; 

 pectoral spine feebly serrated on the outer side . . 5. C. theodorae, M. Web. 



1. CLABIAS GAEIEPINUS, Burch. 



Silurus (Heterobranchiis} gariepinus, Burchell, Trav. Int. S. Afr.,i., 

 p. 425, fig. (1822). 



Clarias capensis (non C. and V.), X. Smith, 111. Zool. S. Afr. 

 Pise., pi. xxvii. (1845). 



Clarias mossambicus, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 682, 

 and Eeise Mossamb., iv., p. 32, pi. vi., figs. 1 and 2, and pi. vii., 

 figs. 2 and 3 (1868). 



Glorias gariepinus, Giinth., Cat. Fish., v., p. 14 (1864) ; M. Weber, 

 Zool. Jahrb. Syst., x., 1897, p. 149 ; Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, 

 p. 254 (1901), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 1069, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. 

 Afr., ii., p. 228, fig. 193 (1911). 



Depth of body 5^ to 7f times in total length excluding caudal, 

 length of head 3 to 3i times. Head 1^ to If times as long as 

 broad, its upper surface more or less distinctly granulate in the adult ; 



