The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 459 



length, 35-38 in number. Maxillary barbel with a narrow mem- 

 brane at base, lj to If times as long as head, reaching to between 

 anterior or posterior third of pectoral spine ; outer niandibular 

 barbel 2 to 2^ times as long as inner and both with long slender 

 branches, the inner barbel sometimes with a few tubercular ramifica- 

 tions. Gill-openings not extending downwards beyond root of 

 pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, 

 obtusely tectiform, 1-g- to 1|- times as long as broad, with pointed 

 posterior processes. Humeral process much longer than broad, not 

 distinctly keeled, sharply pointed, extending as far or almost as far 

 back as occipito-nuchal process 



Dorsal i 7 ; spine nearly as long as head, feebly curved, striated, 

 sharp-edged in front and rather feebly serrated behind. Adipose 

 dorsal 3 to 3^ times as long as deep, 1-f to 2^ times as long as its 

 distance from rayed dorsal. Anal iv 8 ; obtusely pointed in front. 

 Pectoral spine nearly as long as head, not reaching ventral, outer 

 border feebly inner strongly serrated. Ventral not reaching anal. 

 Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer ; caudal peduncle 1 1 to 

 1 times as long as deep. 



Colour (of preserved specimens) uniform brown or bluish brown ; 

 tail with a greenish tinge. 



Two specimens, 196 mm., 224 mm. in length respectively, from 

 Zambezi Eiver, gorge several miles below the Victoria Falls 

 (F. W. Sykes). 



It is also reported from East Africa, from the Webi Shebeli to the 

 Zambezi. 



:: 2. SYNODONTIS WOOSNAMI, Blgr. 

 Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 424, fig. 319 (1911), and Trans. 



Zool. Soc., xviii., v., 1911, p. 406. 



" Depth of body 3-g- times in total length, length of head 3f times. 

 Head a little longer than broad, rugose above from between the 

 eyes ; snout as long as postocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral, 

 6 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; lips mode- 

 rately developed ; prsemaxillary teeth forming a short and broad 

 band ; movable mandibular teeth * diameter of eye, 20 in number. 

 Maxillary barbel not margined, f length of head, reaching a little 

 beyond root of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels with long slender 

 branches, outer If times as long as inner. Gill-opening not extend- 

 ing downwards beyond base of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal 

 shield rugose like the occiput, a little longer than broad, posterior 

 processes obtusely pointed. Humeral process slightly longer than 



