The Echinoderm Fauna of South Africa. 269 



coarse granules or big tubercles were present. Terminal plate small 

 and swollen ; there are indications that in life it mav bear 1-3 tubercles. 



*/ 



Inferomarginals agreeing with superomarginals in number, form, size, 

 position and granulation, except that the large, shallow scars are as 

 a rule less well-marked and often seem to be wanting-. Actinal plates 

 few, irregularly arranged (except for series adjoining adambulacrals), 

 of diverse sizes; the smaller ones are pretty well covered by the 

 very large marginal granules, but all the larger plates show a bare 

 central area on which is a big, wide-valved pedicellaria, and rarely 

 a single big granule also; the series adjoining adambulacrals extends 

 out only as far as the fourth inferomarginal. 



Adambulacral armature conspicuously heavy ; the plates themselves 

 are numerous, about 45 in each series, crowded, much wider than 

 long proximally, but squarish distally ; each plate carries a series of 

 3 (rarely 2) furrow spines, about a millimeter long near middle of 

 arm (longer proximally, shorter distally) subequal, or middle one longest, 

 markedly compressed at right angles to furrow and more or less 

 conspicuously widened at tip; back of these is a second series of 

 which the adoral is very small, the middle one is much larger and 

 the aboral is a stout, somewhat capitate subambulacral spine, the 

 largest spine on the plate; on the outer margin of the plate is a 

 third series of three spines of which the middle one is much the 

 largest; the two small ones are hardly bigger than the marginal 

 granules of the adjoining actinal plates; proximally all the adambul- 

 acral spines are longer, heavier and more conspicuous, while distally 

 they decrease in number as well as in size. Oral plates not swollen, 

 their outlines hard to determine; each has a marginal series of 

 strongly compressed spines, about 2 mm. long, with much widened 

 tips; there is also a series along the sutural margin consisting of 5 

 or 6 spines of which the first is small and pointed, the second is a 

 long heavy spine like those of the free margin, the third is like it 

 but a little smaller and the remainder are successively shorter and 

 smaller in every way. Color of dried specimen, light yellowish-brown. 



P.F. 2798. Vasco de Gama Peak, N. 71 E., 18 miles. 230 fms. 

 Stones 1 specimen ; adult ? 



P.F. 17998. Cape Point, N.E. 3 /, N., 39 miles, 310-500 fms. Gn. 

 m. 1 specimen; adult? 



Holotype, South African Museum, no. A 6429, P.F. 17998. 



Aside from these interesting individuals, which differ little from 

 each other, only two specimens of Cladaster are known; one, the 

 holotype of C. validus Fisher with R = 17 mm. was taken near the 

 Aleutian Islands; the other, the type of C. rudis Verrill with 



18 



