The Echinoderm Fauna of South Africa. 369 



Test discoidal, with lunules or marginal slits, at least in posterior 

 half (South African species). . . . Scutellidae. 



Mouth anterior without jaws. 



Interambulacrum 5 not essentially different orally from the other inter- 

 ambulacra ....... Nucleolitidae. 



Interambulacrum 5 modified orally to form a sternum. 



Labrum (i. e. primordial plate, adjoining mouth, in Interambulacrum 5) 

 followed by a single plate. 



Mouth horizontally placed on oral surface of test Urechinidae. 

 Mouth vertical at the end of an oral invagination or furrow 



Pourialesiidae. 



Labrum followed by a pair of nearly, or quite, equal large plates. 

 Subanal fasciole wanting . . . . Hemiasteridae. 



Subanal fasciole present .... Spatangidae. 



CIDARIDAE. 



This interesting family is poorly represented in South African 

 waters, only one species, and that not a littoral one, being known 

 certainly from south of Mozambique. Two widespread Indo-Pacih'c 

 species occur at that point and perhaps somewhat further down the 

 coast. The three forms may be distinguished from each other as 

 follows. * 



Key to the South African Species of Cidaridae. 



Primary spines short, cylindrical and stout, barely equal to, or shorter than, test- 

 diameter, truncate or at least very blunt, with no purple spots or lines at base 



Eucidaris metularia. 



* It is difficult to determine whether any other species of Cidaridae occurs at 

 Mozambique. Peters (1855, Seeigel von Mossambique, p. 118) lists Cidaris verti- 

 cillata without comment and it is impossible to say whether he met with the 

 species at Mozambique or at the Kerimba Islands. That the latter is the locality 

 to which he referred is indicated by the fact that Mr. J. J. Simpson collected a 

 small specimen of verticillata there some ten years ago. In his report on Simpson's 

 collection, Rudmose Brown (1910, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. XVIII, 

 p. 36) misspells the specific name, so that it reads verliculata. In this same report 

 Brown records ten specimens of Goniocidaris. canaliculata from the Kerimba Islands; 

 he also lists Natal and Zanzibar as localities for this South American species. 

 Obviously his locality records are taken from the "Revision". Mortensen's most 

 important review of the cidarids in 1903 and my paper on the group in 1907 

 were evidently unknown to Mr. Brown. It is practically certain that canaliculata 

 does not occur in South African waters. In view of the fact that Brown does 

 not list Eucidaris metularia, which is common at Mozambique, there is good reason 

 to believe his ten specimens called canaliculata are that species. This idea is 

 confirmed by his remarks about the spines. 



