The Eclnnoderm Fauna of South Africa. 



Outermost layer of skin with numerous minute branched 

 rods, reticulated cups or "baskets" or very small plates 

 with few large perforations regularly arranged. 



Deposits of outermost layer of skin in form of reticulated 

 cups or baskets. 



Baskets with numerous little spines or knobs scat- 

 tered over them . . Cucumaria discolor. 

 Baskets smaller, perfectly smo&th with few marginal 

 projections . . Cucumaria spyridophora. 

 Deposits of outermost layer of skin not in form of baskets. 

 Deposits of outermost layer of skin short thick rods 

 forked at each end, and often more or less further 

 branched dichotomously . Cucumaria insolens. 

 Deposits of outermost layer of skin minute perforated 

 plates, which appear to have been formed by fusions 

 of the tips of branches of rods which have more 

 or less frequently dichotomously branched 



Cucumaria capensis. 



Outermost layer of skin apparently without deposits; no 

 terminal plates in pedicels. 



Small pedicels scattered over dorsal interambulacra 



Cucumaria sykion. 



No pedicels on interambulacra . Cucumaria jaegeri. 

 Inner layer of skin with no knobbed plates or buttons. 



Calcareous deposits in the form of more or less curved rods 

 of two kinds . Cucumaria frauenfeldi. 



Calcareous deposits in the form of reticulated baskets and 

 large, smooth, perforated plates . Cucumaria improvisa. 



Pedicels more or less generally distributed over body. 



Calcareous deposits, in part at least, tables with irregular disk 

 and spire of two rods . Thyone serrata. 



No tables present. 



Deposits, knobbed plates with a vertical arch at right angles 



to each surface . . . Thyone sacellus. 



Deposits, perforated rods and smooth plates Thyone aurea. 



Ventral side of body modified to form a creeping sole ; dorsal ambulacral 



appendages, large papillae . . . Pentacta doliolum. 



Tentacles more than 15. 



Calcareous particles of skin, short thick rods with sharp spines at each 

 end and around middle . Phyllophorus frauenfeldi. 



Calcareous particles, large lenticular perforated plates 



Pseudocucumis africana. 



Body wall wholly, or at least on dorsal side, covered with macroscopic calcareous 

 plates, either overlapping or closely joined along margins. 



Whole body encased equally . . . Echinocucumis typica. 



Only back, or back and ends with overlapping plates. 



Body not very flat; ventral sole not sharply defined Psolus imperfectus. 

 Body very flat with sharp margins and ventral sole correspondingly well- 

 defined ....... Psolus squamatus. 



