The Invertebrate Fauna of the Uitenhage Series. 57 



uniting Africa with India (Lemuria of the zoologists). This hypo- 

 thesis appears to be justified in the case of the Triassic epoch, since 

 there are close relationships, both from the palaeontological and 

 stratigraphical point of view, between the deposits of India and 

 of the south of Africa (fauna with dicynodont reptiles ; Glossopteris 

 flora) ; but the hypothesis can no longer be applied to the Jurassic 

 epoch, for various reasons which would take too long to enumerate 

 here. As to the Cretaceous epoch, the discovery, on the east coast, 

 of the fossils mentioned above, compels us to admit that our great 

 colony was already an island. The affinities of these fossils with 

 those of the west as well as with those of the east of India support 

 the same conclusion." Haug has confirmed the analogies between 

 the Upper Cretaceous faunas of India and Madagascar, but he con- 

 siders that the discovery of Senonian deposits on the east side of 

 Madagascar does not weaken the hypothesis of an Indo-Malagasy 

 continental mass.f In discussing M. Haug's paper, Prof. Boule 

 maintained that the theory of a land barrier is now very difficult to 

 uphold, and thought that recent discoveries in Madagascar greatly 

 weaken the theory.]: Again, with M. Thevenin, he has written as 

 follows : "If it has truly existed, the Indo-Malagasy continent 

 must have been reduced then to a long Indian peninsula or to 

 a suite of islands situated on positions where one to-day observes 

 depths of 6,000 metres." 



Turning now to the African mainland, it may be remarked that 

 from the coast, as far south as Delagoa Bay, an Aptian fauna has 

 been described which, while later than the Uitenhage fauna, and 

 consequently not to be closely compared with it, contains cephalo- 

 pods exhibiting the closest relationship to those of the Aptian with 

 Acanthoceras martini in Southern Europe. || This in itself appears 

 to be sufficient to throw doubt upon the existence of a barrier near 

 the African coast at that period. Further, the recent discoveries of 

 an Upper Cretaceous fauna in Mozambique, showing clear affinities 

 with the Southern Indian development (Utatur and Ariyalur stages),^ 

 seem quite to disprove the existence of a permanent barrier even at 

 the approach of that later time which we have hitherto thought to 

 furnish the most sure evidences of separation. It is apparent that 



* See also Boule (3) ; Boule (4), pp. 684, 685; Douville (4), p. 21f> ; Boule (5) ; 

 Boule and Thevenin (1), p. 59 ; Lemoine (1), p. 232. 

 f Haug (1), p. 397. { Haug (1), p. 398. 



Boule and Thevenin (1), p. 59. See also Woods (4), p. 348. 

 I! Kilian (2) ; Kilian (3). 

 J Choffat (1) ; Choffat (2) ; Choffat (3) ; Lemoine (1), p. 396. 



