282 Annals of the South African Museum. 



in length, and the total height of the crown and root, even with the 

 surface considerably worn, is 92 mm. In general pattern it agrees 

 closely with that of modern horses, but differs in its larger size and 

 in showing no trace of the rudimentary protostylid. The fold of 

 enamel which forms the inner wall of the hypolophid measures 

 18-5 mm. in length. The 4th premolar has its crown fairly well 

 preserved. The hypolophid is very large, and there is no trace of 

 a fold corresponding to the protostylid. The entostylid is small, and 

 the parastylid scarcely extending in front of the metaconid. The 

 total length of the hypolophid and the small entostylid is 20 mm., 

 and the enamel fold on its inner wall is 16 mm. The whole length 

 of the crown is 34 mm., and the height of the crown and root is 

 105 mm. The 1st and 2nd molars are of equal size, measuring 

 30 mm. in length and 97 mm. in height. 



The length from the front of the grinding surface of pm. 2 to the 

 lower side of the jaw is 110 mm. The whole length of the first five 

 grinding teeth is 158 mm. The six teeth probably measured 198 mm. 

 The average length of the molar series in Equus caballus is 170 to 

 175 mm. In Equus hemionus the series measures about 158 mm. 

 Even in the large Equus sivalensis the series measures from 180 to 

 195. We thus seem justified in concluding that South Africa was 

 until recently the home of a species of horse considerably larger 

 than Eq2ms caballus, and though much more would require to ba 

 known before it would be possible to say in how far it differed from 

 Equus caballus, it seems advisable to give it a distinctive name, and 

 I therefore propose to call it Equus capensis. 



A year ago Fraas, in a paper, "Pleistocane Fauna aus den 

 Diamantseifen von Sudafrika," described some remains of pleisto- 

 cene South African mammals, and among them some teeth of a 

 species of Equus. Whether this may belong to the same species 

 as the Yzerplaats specimen cannot at present be decided, but it 

 shows that a large horse was contemporaneous with a species of 

 Mastodon, and it seems not unlikely that it is the same horse that 

 is contemporaneous with Bubalus baini further south. 



