Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 299 



joint. The rise of another appendage on the 1st joint has not 

 the same value, as the latter modification is dependent on the 

 presence of a modified 3rd joint. It is the whole 3rd joint which 

 is altered, and only a small portion of the 1st which is produced. 

 The 2nd appendage therefore seems to be only an elaboration 

 of the original departure, and forms whether with one or with 

 two appendages should be grouped together. 



It is extremely interesting, though it is no more than the peculiar 

 life conditions of the Mallophaga would lead one to expect, to find 

 apparently primitive and much more advanced forms existing side 

 by side. The $ 5 are all primitive in facies. No good generic 

 character separates them so far as we know. The same condition is 

 found in the ? ? of Lipeurus spp. and Nirimis spp., of Goniocotes spp. 

 and Goniodes spp. It is further to be noted that not quite mature 

 2 5 of this group may be confused with Docophorus, as the clypeal 

 modification is evidently late in development. The single specimen 

 attributed to Docophorus mentioned by us in The Scottish 

 Naturalist, Nov., 1912, p. 251, now seems to us to be only an 

 immature $ of Mackayia dimorpha. By a clerical slip the 

 example was referred to as a 3 . 



There are evidently two lines of development in this order. 

 I. Looking at such groups as the Docophori latitemporalis, the 

 Goniodes of pigeons, the Lipeuri of herons, bitterns, and storks, 

 or the Ninui " nigropicti," one concludes that such groups 

 have arisen by the modification of one ancestral type in 

 each case. The archetype has split up into many new species, 

 disappearing itself in the process. II. But in other cases develop- 

 ment appears to have been intensive not extensive. Lipeurus 

 mutabilis is in almost every detail, except colour and size, identical 

 with L. grand-is, but the latter bears highly modified antennae with 

 a large appendage on the 1st joint. Giebelia stands in a similar 

 relation to Mackayia. 



FAMILY EUEYMETOPIDAE. 



GEN. EUEYMETOPUS, Taschenberg. 



Eurymetopus, Taschenberg, Die Malloph. p. 183 (1882). 



In his Studien iiber Mallophagen, etc. (1910), Mjoberg very pro- 

 perly, it seems to us, erects this Family for the reception of Eunj- 

 mctopiis taurus and its allies. Ultimately, we believe, many species 



