DENTITION. 49 



lower jaw.* F. Cuvier gave later also the same dental formula. 

 He deemed tliat the peculiar or anomalous dentition of the Wal- 

 ruses indicated that they were an isolated group, having affini- 

 ties, on the one hand, with the Carnivora, and, on the other, 

 with the Ruminants ! t 



According to Wiegmann, Budolpliif (in 1802) recognized 

 the 1 first of the series of lower grinding teeth as a canine. 



Thus, as Wiegmann long since observed, the subject remained 

 till Eapp was so fortunate, in 1828, as to have opportunity to 

 examine a foetal specimen. In this example, he found six inci- 

 sors in the upper jaw and five in the lower (f^). He also 

 expressed it as his belief that the first lower molar should be 

 regarded as a canine, because (1) it was somewhat further 

 removed from the rest than the others were from each other; 

 because (2) of its greater length and thickness in the adult aur- 

 mal ; because (3) it stands close to the temporary or milk inci- 

 sors, and shuts against the outermost of the upper incisors ; 

 and because (4) it lacks the transverse depression seen on the 

 inner side of the crown of the back-teeth. The dental formula 

 recognized by him for the Walrus may be considered as 



T 3 3. n ! !. M 4 ~ 4 

 A - 3lT3> ' r=Tl? ' -' 3 3' 



Freinery, in 1831, also made reference to the dentition of the 

 Walruses ; but his paper bears mainly upon the question of 

 whether there are one or more species of these animals, and 

 will be further noticed in another connection. He notes partic- 

 ularly the presence, in some of his skulls, of two small molars 

 above, behind the large ones. 



Wiegmann, 1 1 in 1838, contributed facts additional to those 

 already recorded, but his memoir is largely devoted to a discus- 

 sion of the observations of preceding writers. He assents to 

 Eudolphi's and Eapp's interpretation of the homological rela- 

 tion of the first large tooth of the lower jaw; refers to finding 



* Begne Animal, torn, i, 1817, p. 168. 



t Dents des Main., p. 234. 



t Anatomisch-pliysiologiscne Abhandlungen, p. 145. 



Wiegmann says : "... . Ueberdies 1st Rudolph! der erste, der die uuteren 

 Eckziibne erkennt. Er bemerkt niimlich, dass der erste Backenzalin des 

 Unterkiefers sich von den iibrigen durch seine Grosse auszeichne, und wenn 

 auch der Form nach eiuem Backenzaline ahnlicli, doch seiner Grosse nach 

 beinahe fur einen Eckzahn zu halten ware, was spiiter durch Kapp, dem 

 indessen diese Notiz nnbekannt blieb, ausser Zweifel gesetzt 1st." Arch, fiir 

 Naturg., 1838, pp. 119, 120. 



|| Archiv fiir Naturgesch., 1838, pp. 113-130. 

 Misc. Pub. No. 12 4 



