GENERAL HISTORY. 87 



tioii and affinities (see antea, pp. 7-12). The accounts by Hout- 

 tuyn, Buffon, Pennant, P. S. L. Miiller, and Schreber are excel- 

 lent for their time. These authors all recognized the close 

 relationship of the Walrus to the Seals, and quite correctly 

 indicated its external characters and habits. Some of these 

 accounts, however, include references to both species. 



Daubenton, in Buffon's "Histoire Naturelle," * gave a de- 

 scription and figure of a Walrus's skull, and made the first 

 contribution to our knowledge of its internal anatomy, based 

 on the dissection of a fostal specimen. 



Since the beginning of the present century, the Walrus has 

 been the subject of almost numberless notices, as well as of sev- 

 eral elaborate papers, devoted in most cases to special points 

 in its anatomy, very few of which need be here enumerated, t 



The elder Cuvier, beginning with his " Le9ons d'Anatomie 

 comparee" (1800-1805), and ending with the third edition of his 

 "Ossernens fossiles" (1825), contributed considerably to our 

 general knowledge of its structure and affinities, especially of 

 its osteology ; he in 1825 J first figuring and describing its skel- 

 eton. A paper by Sir Everard Home, in 1824, figured and de- 

 scribed the stomach and feet from specimens taken to England 

 from Hudson's Bay, preserved in salt. This paper is noteworthy 

 mainly on account of the singularly erroneous interpretation 

 there made of the structure and functions of the feet, Home 

 supposing that these organs were provided with sucking discs, 

 by means of which the creature was enabled to adhere firmly 

 to the ice in climbing. The skeleton of the Walrus was again 

 figured and described by Pander and d' Alton || in 1826, and 

 still later by BlainviUe fl about 1840. Von Baer, ** in 1835, 

 published some account of the arterial system of the Walrus, 

 based on a dissection of a young specimen. Its general anato- 

 my, especially its limb-structure, myology, vascular and respi- 

 ratory systems, viscera and generative organs, and external cha- 



* Tome xiii, 1765, pp. 415-424, pll. liv, Iv. The skull had been previously 

 figured by Houttuyn (in 1761), as will be noticed later. 



t Those relating to its dentition have been already noticed in detail (see 

 anted,, pp. 47-57) ; several others have also been specially referred to, and 

 nearly all are cited in the references given at pp. 23-26. 

 .t Ossem. Foss., 3 e e"d., tome v, ii me pt., pp. 521-523, pi. xxxiii. 



Phil. Trans., 1824, pp. 233-241, pi. iv. 



|| Skelete der Robben und Lamantine, pll. i, ii. 



IT Osteographie, Des Phoques, pll. i and iv. 



** Mem. de 1'Acad. St. Pe"tersb., vi me s6r., Sci. math., phys. et nat., tome 

 ii. me . 1835, pp. 199-212. 



